STAT1 alpha/beta Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (ER31221)

UNIPROT #

P42224

PROTEIN NAME

Stat-1 alpha/beta

SYNONYMS

CANDF7 antibody;DKFZp686B04100 antibody;ISGF 3 antibody;ISGF3 antibody;OTTHUMP00000163552 antibody;OTTHUMP00000165046 antibody;OTTHUMP00000165047 antibody;OTTHUMP00000205845 antibody;Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 antibody;Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, 91kDa antibody;Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta antibody;Stat1 antibody;STAT1_HUMAN antibody;STAT91 antibody;Transcription factor ISGF-3 components p91/p84 antibody

SEQUENCE SIMILARITIES

Belongs to the transcription factor STAT family.

POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION

Phosphorylated on tyrosine and serine residues in response to a variety of cytokines/growth hormones including IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, PDGF and EGF. Activated KIT promotes phosphorylation on tyrosine residues and subsequent translocation to the nucleus. Upon EGF stimulation, phosphorylation on Tyr-701 (lacking in beta form) by JAK1, JAK2 or TYK2 promotes dimerization and subsequent translocation to the nucleus. Growth hormone (GH) activates STAT1 signaling only via JAK2. Tyrosine phosphorylated in response to constitutively activated FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4. Phosphorylation on Ser-727 by several kinases including MAPK14, ERK1/2 and CAMKII on IFN-gamma stimulation, regulates STAT1 transcriptional activity. Phosphorylation on Ser-727 promotes sumoylation though increasing interaction with PIAS. Phosphorylation on Ser-727 by PRKCD induces apoptosis in response to DNA-damaging agents. Phosphorylated on tyrosine residues when PTK2/FAK1 is activated; most likely this is catalyzed by a SRC family kinase. Dephosphorylation on tyrosine residues by PTPN2 negatively regulates interferon-mediated signaling. Upon viral infection or IFN induction, phosphorylation on Ser-708 occurs much later than phosphorylation on Tyr-701 and is required for the binding of ISGF3 on the ISREs of a subset of IFN-stimulated genes IKBKE-dependent. Phosphorylation at Tyr-701 and Ser-708 are mutually exclusive, phosphorylation at Ser-708 requires previous dephosphorylation of Tyr-701.; Sumoylated with SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3. Sumoylation is enhanced by IFN-gamma-induced phosphorylation on Ser-727, and by interaction with PIAS proteins. Enhances the transactivation activity.; ISGylated.; Mono-ADP-ribosylated at Glu-657 and Glu-705 by PARP14; ADP-ribosylation prevents phosphorylation at Tyr-701. However, the role of ADP-ribosylation in the prevention of phosphorylation has been called into question and the lack of phosphorylation may be due to sumoylation of Lys-703.; Monomethylated at Lys-525 by SETD2; monomethylation is necessary for phosphorylation at Tyr-701, translocation into the nucleus and activation of the antiviral defense.

SUBCELLULAR LOCATION

Cytoplasm, nucleus.

FUNCTION

STAT1 is a member of the Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription family of transcription factors. STAT1 is involved in upregulating genes due to a signal by either type I, type II, or type III interferons. In response to IFN-γ stimulation, STAT1 forms homodimers or heterodimers with STAT3 that bind to the GAS (Interferon-Gamma-Activated Sequence) promoter element; in response to either IFN-α or IFN-β stimulation, STAT1 forms a heterodimer with STAT2 that can bind the ISRE (Interferon-Stimulated Response Element) promoter element. The phosphorylated STATs dimerize and associate with ISGF3G/IRF-9 to form a complex termed ISGF3 transcription factor that enters the nucleus. ISGF3 binds to the IFN stimulated response element (ISRE) to activate the transcription of IFN-stimulated genes (ISG), which drive the cell in an antiviral state. In response to type II IFN (IFN-gamma), STAT1 is tyrosine- and serine-phosphorylated.