UNIPROT #

P07203

PROTEIN NAME

Glutathione Peroxidase 1

SYNONYMS

AL033363 antibody; Cellular glutathione peroxidase antibody; Glutathione peroxidase 1 antibody; Glutathione peroxidase antibody; GPx 1 antibody; GPx-1 antibody; GPX1 antibody; GPX1_HUMAN antibody; GPXD antibody; GSHPx-1 antibody; GSHPX1 antibody; MGC14399 antibody; MGC88245 antibody

SEQUENCE SIMILARITIES

Belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family.

TISSUE SPECIFICITY

Expressed in platelets (at protein level).

POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION

During periods of oxidative stress, Sec-49 may react with a superoxide radical, irreversibly lose hydroselenide and be converted to dehydroalanine.

SUBCELLULAR LOCATION

Cytoplasm.

FUNCTION

GPX1 is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues, where it protects cells from oxidative stress. Within cells, it localizes to the cytoplasm and mitochondria. As a glutathione peroxidase, GPx1 functions in the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide, specifically by catalyzing the reduction of hydrogen peroxide to water. The glutathione peroxidase also catalyzes the reduction of other organic hydroperoxides, such as lipid peroxides, to the corresponding alcohols. GPx1 typically uses glutathione (GSH) as the reductant, but when glutathione synthetase (GSS) is, as in brain mitochondria, γ-glutamylcysteine can serve as the reductant instead. The protein encoded by this gene protects from CD95-induced apoptosis in cultured breast cancer cells and inhibits 5-lipoxygenase in blood cells, and its overexpression delays endothelial cell death and increases resistance to toxic challenges, especially oxidative stress. This protein is one of only a few proteins known in higher vertebrates to contain selenocysteine, which occurs at the active site of glutathione peroxidase and is coded by the nonsense (stop) codon TGA.