Glucocorticoid Receptor alpha Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (R1701-1)

UNIPROT #

P04150

PROTEIN NAME

Glucocorticoid Receptor alpha

SYNONYMS

GCCR antibody;GCR antibody;Glucocorticoid receptor alpha isoform antibody;Glucocorticoid receptor antibody;GR antibody;GRL antibody;NR3C1 antibody;Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 antibody

SEQUENCE SIMILARITIES

Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR3 subfamily.

TISSUE SPECIFICITY

Widely expressed including bone, stomach, lung, liver, colon, breast, ovary, pancreas and kidney. In the heart, detected in left and right atria, left and right ventricles, aorta, apex, intraventricular septum, and atrioventricular node as well as whole adult and fetal heart. Isoform Beta: Widely expressed including brain, bone marrow, thymus, spleen, liver, kidney, pancreas, lung, fat, skeletal muscle, heart, placenta and blood leukocytes. Isoform Alpha-2: Expressed at low level.

POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION

Acetylation by CLOCK reduces its binding to glucocorticoid response elements and its transcriptional activity.; Increased proteasome-mediated degradation in response to glucocorticoids. Isoform Alpha-B appears to be more susceptible to proteolytic degradation than isoform Alpha.; Phosphorylated in the absence of hormone; becomes hyperphosphorylated in the presence of glucocorticoid. The Ser-203, Ser-226 and Ser-404-phosphorylated forms are mainly cytoplasmic, and the Ser-211-phosphorylated form is nuclear. Phosphorylation at Ser-211 increases transcriptional activity. Phosphorylation at Ser-203, Ser-226 and Ser-404 decreases signaling capacity. Phosphorylation at Ser-404 may protect from glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. Phosphorylation at Ser-203 and Ser-211 is not required in regulation of chromosome segregation. May be dephosphorylated by PPP5C, attenuates NR3C1 action (By similarity).; Sumoylation at Lys-277 and Lys-293 negatively regulates its transcriptional activity. Sumoylation at Lys-703 positively regulates its transcriptional activity in the presence of RWDD3 (By similarity). Sumoylation at Lys-277 and Lys-293 is dispensable whereas sumoylation at Lys-703 is critical for the stimulatory effect of RWDD3 on its transcriptional activity (By similarity). Heat shock increases sumoylation in a RWDD3-dependent manner (By similarity).; Ubiquitinated; restricts glucocorticoid-mediated transcriptional signaling.

SUBCELLULAR LOCATION

Cytoplasm, Nucleus.

FUNCTION

Glucocorticoids are a family of steroids necessary for the regulation of energy metabolism and the immune and inflammatory responses. These compounds exert their effect through their interaction with the Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) and that complex's subsequent association with DNA. All normal mammalian tissues examined to date have been shown to contain GR. The human GR exists in two forms, alpha and beta, which are thought to be the result of alternative splicing of a single gene. Sequence analysis indicates that alpha and beta forms of human GR are 777 and 742 amino acids long, respectively. They are identical up to residue 727, after which they diverge. After ligand binding, the 94 kDa GR alpha isoform translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus where it regulates gene expression. In contrast, the 90 kDa GR beta isoform does not appear to bind either glucocorticoid agonists or antagonists, and has been localized predominantly in the nucleus independent of hormone treatment in some human cell lines. Studies suggest that human GR alpha has a greater affinity for GR response elements (GREs) than GR beta only when in the ligand bound state.