UNIPROT #

P35222

PROTEIN NAME

Beta-Catenin

SYNONYMS

Beta catenin antibody; Beta-catenin antibody; Cadherin associated protein antibody; Catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1, 88kDa antibody; Catenin beta 1 antibody; Catenin beta-1 antibody; CATNB antibody; CHBCAT antibody; CTNB1_HUMAN antibody; CTNNB antibody; CTNNB1 antibody; DKFZp686D02253 antibody; FLJ25606 antibody; FLJ37923 antibody; OTTHUMP00000162082 antibody; OTTHUMP00000165222 antibody; OTTHUMP00000165223 antibody; OTTHUMP00000209288 antibody; OTTHUMP00000209289 antibody

SEQUENCE SIMILARITIES

Belongs to the beta-catenin family.

TISSUE SPECIFICITY

Expressed in several hair follicle cell types: basal and peripheral matrix cells, and cells of the outer and inner root sheaths. Expressed in colon. Present in cortical neurons (at protein level). Expressed in breast cancer tissues (at protein level).

POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION

Phosphorylation at Ser-552 by AMPK promotes stabilizion of the protein, enhancing TCF/LEF-mediated transcription (By similarity). Phosphorylation by GSK3B requires prior phosphorylation of Ser-45 by another kinase. Phosphorylation proceeds then from Thr-41 to Ser-37 and Ser-33. Phosphorylated by NEK2. EGF stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation. Phosphorylation on Tyr-654 decreases CDH1 binding and enhances TBP binding. Phosphorylated on Ser-33 and Ser-37 by HIPK2 and GSK3B, this phosphorylation triggers proteasomal degradation. Phosphorylation on Ser-191 and Ser-246 by CDK5. Phosphorylation by CDK2 regulates insulin internalization. Phosphorylation by PTK6 at Tyr-64, Tyr-142, Tyr-331 and/or Tyr-333 with the predominant site at Tyr-64 is not essential for inhibition of transcriptional activity.; Ubiquitinated by the SCF(BTRC) E3 ligase complex when phosphorylated by GSK3B, leading to its degradation. Ubiquitinated by a E3 ubiquitin ligase complex containing UBE2D1, SIAH1, CACYBP/SIP, SKP1, APC and TBL1X, leading to its subsequent proteasomal degradation. Ubiquitinated and degraded following interaction with SOX9 (By similarity).; S-nitrosylation at Cys-619 within adherens junctions promotes VEGF-induced, NO-dependent endothelial cell permeability by disrupting interaction with E-cadherin, thus mediating disassembly adherens junctions.; O-glycosylation at Ser-23 decreases nuclear localization and transcriptional activity, and increases localization to the plasma membrane and interaction with E-cadherin CDH1.; Deacetylated at Lys-49 by SIRT1.

SUBCELLULAR LOCATION

Cytoplasm, Nucleus

FUNCTION

β-Catenin is a key downstream effector in the Wnt signaling pathway. It is implicated in two major biological processes in vertebrates: early embryonic development and tumorigenesis. Phosphorylation at Ser-552 by AMPK promotes stabilizion of the protein, enhancing TCF/LEF-mediated transcription. Phosphorylation on Tyr-654 decreases CDH1 binding and enhances TBP binding. GSK-3β destabilizes β-catenin by phosphorylating it at Ser33, Ser37, and Thr41. Mutations at these sites result in the stabilization of β-catenin protein levels and have been found in many tumor cell lines. In the presence of Wnt ligand, CTNNB1 is not ubiquitinated and accumulates in the nucleus, where it acts as a coactivator for transcription factors of the TCF/LEF family, leading to activate Wnt responsive genes.