Histone H2B (acetyl K20) Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody [PS01-46] (HA721285)

UNIPROT #

O60814

PROTEIN NAME

Acetyl-Histone H2B (K20)

SYNONYMS

GL105 antibody;H2B GL105 antibody;H2B histone family member O antibody;H2B histone family member S antibody;H2B.1 antibody;H2B.1 B antibody;H2B.b antibody;H2B.c antibody;H2B.d antibody;H2B.e antibody;H2B.f antibody;H2B.j antibody;H2B.q antibody;H2B/b antibody;H2B/c antibody;H2B/d antibody;H2B/e antibody;H2B/f antibody;H2B/j antibody;H2B/o antibody;H2B/q antibody;H2BFB antibody;H2BFC antibody;H2BFD antibody;H2BFE antibody;H2BFF antibody;H2BFJ antibody;H2BFO antibody;H2BFQ antibody;H2BFS antibody;H2BGL105 antibody;H2BQ antibody;HIRIP2 antibody;HIST1H2BB antibody;HIST1H2BD antibody;HIST1H2BH antibody;HIST1H2BL antibody;HIST1H2BM antibody;HIST1H2BN antibody;HIST2H2BE antibody;histone cluster 2 antibody;Histone H2B antibody;histone H2B GL105 antibody;Histone H2B type 1 B antibody;Histone H2B type 1 D antibody;Histone H2B type 1 H antibody;Histone H2B type 1 L antibody;Histone H2B type 1 M antibody;Histone H2B type 1 N antibody;Histone H2B type 2 E antibody;Histone H2B.q antibody;histone protein antibody

SEQUENCE SIMILARITIES

Belongs to the histone H2A family.

POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION

Deiminated on Arg-4 in granulocytes upon calcium entry.; Monoubiquitination of Lys-120 (H2AK119Ub) by RING1, TRIM37 and RNF2/RING2 complex gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression and participates in X chromosome inactivation of female mammals. It is involved in the initiation of both imprinted and random X inactivation. Ubiquitinated H2A is enriched in inactive X chromosome chromatin. Ubiquitination of H2A functions downstream of methylation of 'Lys-27' of histone H3 (H3K27me). H2AK119Ub by RNF2/RING2 can also be induced by ultraviolet and may be involved in DNA repair. Monoubiquitination of Lys-120 (H2AK119Ub) by TRIM37 may promote transformation of cells in a number of breast cancers. Following DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), it is ubiquitinated through 'Lys-63' linkage of ubiquitin moieties by the E2 ligase UBE2N and the E3 ligases RNF8 and RNF168, leading to the recruitment of repair proteins to sites of DNA damage. Ubiquitination at Lys-14 and Lys-16 (H2AK13Ub and H2AK15Ub, respectively) in response to DNA damage is initiated by RNF168 that mediates monoubiquitination at these 2 sites, and 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin are then conjugated to monoubiquitin; RNF8 is able to extend 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin chains in vitro. Deubiquitinated by USP51 at Lys-14 and Lys-16 (H2AK13Ub and H2AK15Ub, respectively) after damaged DNA is repaired. H2AK119Ub and ionizing radiation-induced 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination (H2AK13Ub and H2AK15Ub) are distinct events.; Phosphorylation on Ser-2 (H2AS1ph) is enhanced during mitosis. Phosphorylation on Ser-2 by RPS6KA5/MSK1 directly represses transcription. Acetylation of H3 inhibits Ser-2 phosphorylation by RPS6KA5/MSK1. Phosphorylation at Thr-121 (H2AT120ph) by DCAF1 is present in the regulatory region of many tumor suppresor genes and down-regulates their transcription.; Glutamine methylation at Gln-105 (H2AQ104me) by FBL is specifically dedicated to polymerase I. It is present at 35S ribosomal DNA locus and impairs binding of the FACT complex.; Symmetric dimethylation on Arg-4 by the PRDM1/PRMT5 complex may play a crucial role in the germ-cell lineage.; Crotonylation (Kcr) is specifically present in male germ cells and marks testis-specific genes in post-meiotic cells, including X-linked genes that escape sex chromosome inactivation in haploid cells. Crotonylation marks active promoters and enhancers and confers resistance to transcriptional repressors. It is also associated with post-meiotically activated genes on autosomes.

SUBCELLULAR LOCATION

Nucleus, Chromosome.

FUNCTION

Histone H2B is one of the 5 main histone proteins involved in the structure of chromatin in eukaryotic cells. Featuring a main globular domain and long N-terminal and C-terminal tails, H2B is involved with the structure of the nucleosomes. Histone H2B is a structural protein that helps organize eukaryotic DNA. It plays an important role in the biology of the nucleus where it is involved in the packaging and maintaining of chromosomes, regulation of transcription, and replication and repair of DNA. Histone H2B helps regulate chromatin structure and function through post-translational modifications and specialized histone variants. Acetylation and ubiquitination are examples of two post-translational modifications that affect the function of histone H2B in particular ways. Hyperacetylation of histone tails helps DNA-binding proteins access chromatin by weakening histone-DNA and nucleosome-nucleosome interactions. Furthermore, acetylation of a specific lysine residue binds to bromine-containing domains of certain transcription and chromatin regulatory proteins. This docking facilitates the recruitment of these proteins to the correct region of the chromosome. Ubiquitinated histone H2B is often found in regions of active transcription. Through the facilitation of chromatin remodeling, it stimulates transcriptional elongation and sets the stage for further modifications that regulate multiple elements of transcription.