PP2A(alpha+beta) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody

Function

In eukaryotes, the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins on serine and threonine residues is an essential means of regulating a broad range of cellular functions, including division, homeostasis and apoptosis. A group of proteins that are intimately involved in this process are the protein phosphatases. In general, the protein phosphatase (PP) holoenzyme is a trimeric complex composed of a regulatory subunit, a variable subunit, and a catalytic subunit. Four major families of protein phosphatase catalytic subunits have been identified, designated PP1, PP2A, PP2B (calcineurin) and PP2C. An additional protein phosphatase catalytic subunit, PPX (also known as PP4) is a putative member of a novel PP family. The PP2A family comprises subfamily members PP2A? and PP2A∫. The PP2A catalytic subunit associates with a variety of regulatory subunits. Regulatory subunits include PP2A-A-α and -A-β, PP2A-B-α and -B-β, PP2A-C-α and -C-β, PP2A-B56-α and -B56-β.

Background References

1. Mamouni K et al. RhoB promotes H2AX dephosphorylation and DNA double-strand break repair. Mol Cell Biol 34:3144-55 (2014).

2. Fujiwara-Okada Y et al. Y-box binding protein-1 regulates cell proliferation and is associated with clinical outcomes of osteosarcoma. Br J Cancer 108:836-47 (2013).

Sequence Similarity

Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-1 subfamily.

Post-translational Modification

Reversibly methyl esterified on Leu-309 by leucine carboxyl methyltransferase 1 (LCMT1) and protein phosphatase methylesterase 1 (PPME1). Carboxyl methylation influences the affinity of the catalytic subunit for the different regulatory subunits, thereby modulating the PP2A holoenzyme's substrate specificity, enzyme activity and cellular localization.; Phosphorylation of either threonine (by autophosphorylation-activated protein kinase) or tyrosine results in inactivation of the phosphatase. Auto-dephosphorylation has been suggested as a mechanism for reactivation.; Polyubiquitinated, leading to its degradation by the proteasome.

Subcellular Location

Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Chromosome

UNIPROT

SwissProt: P67775 Human

SwissProt: P63330 Mouse

SwissProt: P63331 Rat

Synonyms