Protein disulfide isomerase or PDI is an enzyme in the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotes that catalyzes the formation and breakage of disulfide bonds between cysteine residues within proteins as they fold. PDI contains four thioredoxin-like domains, two of which retain the canonical CXXC motif. The reduced (that is, dithiol) form of PDI is able to catalyse a reduction of mispaired thiol residues of a particular substrate, acting as an isomerase. Another major function of PDI relates to its activity as a chaperone; i.e., it aids wrongly folded proteins to reach a correctly folded state without the aid of enzymatic disulfide shuffling. PDI helps load antigenic peptides into MHC class I molecules. These molecules (MHC I) are related to the peptide presentation by antigen-presenting cells in the immune response.
Background References
1. Ellgaard L et al. The human protein disulphide isomerase family: substrate interactions and functional properties. EMBO Reports 6 (1): 28–32 (2005).
2. Appenzeller-Herzog C et al. The human PDI family: versatility packed into a single fold. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1783 (4): 535–48 (2008). Hatahet F, Ruddock LW. Protein Disulfide Isomerase: A Critical Evaluation of Its Function in Disulfide Bond Formation. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling 11 (11): 2807–50 (2009).
Sequence Similarity
Belongs to the protein disulfide isomerase family.
Western blot analysis of ERp72 on different lysates with Rabbit anti-ERp72 antibody (R1409-1) at 1/5,000 dilution.
Lane 1: HeLa cell lysate (20 µg/Lane) Lane 2: SK-Br-3 cell lysate (20 µg/Lane) Lane 3: HepG2 cell lysate (20 µg/Lane) Lane 4: PANC-1 cell lysate (20 µg/Lane) Lane 5: PC-12 cell lysate (20 µg/Lane) Lane 6: Human liver tissue lysate (40 µg/Lane) Lane 7: Mouse liver tissue lysate (40 µg/Lane)
Predicted band size: 73 kDa Observed band size: 73 kDa
Exposure time: 1 minute;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (R1409-1) at 1/5,000 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at room temperature for 2 hours. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1:100,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
ICC staining ERp72 in A549 cells (red). Formalin fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with 1% Blocker BSA for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with the antibody (R1409-1) at a dilution of 1:500 for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. Alexa Fluorc™594 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody at 1/100 dilution. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).
ICC staining ERp72 in PC-12 cells (red). Formalin fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with 1% Blocker BSA for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with the antibody (R1409-1) at a dilution of 1:500 for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. Alexa Fluorc™594 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody at 1/100 dilution. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human lung cancer tissue using anti-ERp72 antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 8.0-8.4) for 20 minutes.The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the antibody (R1409-1) at 1/200 dilution, for 30 minutes at room temperature and detected using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chrogen. Counter stained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
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