Alpha-cardiac actin Mouse Monoclonal Antibody [33-32] (M1206-1)

UNIPROT #

P68032

PROTEIN NAME

Alpha-cardiac actin

SYNONYMS

a actin antibody;AAT6 antibody;ACTA_HUMAN antibody;ACTA2 antibody;Actin alpha 2 smooth muscle aorta antibody;Actin aortic smooth muscle antibody;Actin, aortic smooth muscle antibody;ACTSA antibody;ACTVS antibody;Alpha 2 actin antibody;Alpha actin 2 antibody;Alpha cardiac actin antibody;Alpha-actin-2 antibody;Cell growth inhibiting gene 46 protein antibody;Cell growth-inhibiting gene 46 protein antibody;GIG46 antibody;Growth inhibiting gene 46 antibody;MYMY5 antibody

SEQUENCE SIMILARITIES

Belongs to the actin family.

POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION

Oxidation of Met-46 and Met-49 by MICALs (MICAL1, MICAL2 or MICAL3) to form methionine sulfoxide promotes actin filament depolymerization. MICAL1 and MICAL2 produce the (R)-S-oxide form. The (R)-S-oxide form is reverted by MSRB1 and MSRB2, which promotes actin repolymerization.; Monomethylation at Lys-86 (K86me1) regulates actin-myosin interaction and actomyosin-dependent processes. Demethylation by ALKBH4 is required for maintaining actomyosin dynamics supporting normal cleavage furrow ingression during cytokinesis and cell migration.; Methylated at His-75 by SETD3.; (Microbial infection) Monomeric actin is cross-linked by V.cholerae toxins RtxA and VgrG1 in case of infection: bacterial toxins mediate the cross-link between Lys-52 of one monomer and Glu-272 of another actin monomer, resulting in formation of highly toxic actin oligomers that cause cell rounding. The toxin can be highly efficient at very low concentrations by acting on formin homology family proteins: toxic actin oligomers bind with high affinity to formins and adversely affect both nucleation and elongation abilities of formins, causing their potent inhibition in both profilin-dependent and independent manners.

SUBCELLULAR LOCATION

Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton.

FUNCTION

ACTC1 encodes cardiac muscle alpha actin. This isoform differs from the alpha actin that is expressed in skeletal muscle, ACTA1. Alpha cardiac actin is the major protein of the thin filament in cardiac sarcomeres, which are responsible for muscle contraction and generation of force to support the pump function of the heart. Actin is a dynamic structure that can adapt two states of flexibility, with the greatest difference between the states occurring as a result of movement within sub-domain 2. Myosin binding increases the flexibility of actin, and cross-linking studies have shown that myosin subfragment-1 binds to actin amino acid residues 48-67 within actin sub-domain 2, which may account for this effect. It has been suggested that the ACTC1 gene has a role during development. Experiments in chick embryos found an association between ACTC1 knockdown and a reduction in the atrial septa. Polymorphisms in ACTC1 have been linked to Dilated Cardiomyopathy in a small number of Japanese patients. Further studies in patients from South Africa found no association. The E101K missense mutation has been associated with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Left Ventricular Noncompaction. Another mutation has in the ACTC1 gene has been associated with atrial septal defects.