Protein FRG1 is an actin-bundling protein that in humans is encoded by the FRG1 gene. This gene maps to a location 100 kb centromeric of the repeat units on chromosome 4q35 which are deleted in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). It is evolutionarily conserved and has related sequences on multiple human chromosomes but DNA sequence analysis did not reveal any homology to known genes. In vivo studies demonstrate the encoded protein is localized to the nucleolus. Mice that overexpress FRG1 display facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. Gabellili et al. suggest that human facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy results from overexpression of FRG1 in "skeletal muscle, which leads to abnormal alternative splicing of specific pre-mRNAs." This result has been replicated in tadpoles.
Background References
1. Palo A et al. FRG1 is a direct transcriptional regulator of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay genes. Genomics. 2023 Jan
2. Mukherjee B et al. Reduced FRG1 expression promotes angiogenesis via activation of the FGF2-mediated ERK/AKT pathway. FEBS Open Bio. 2023 May
Subcellular Location
Nucleus, Cajal body, nucleolus, Cytoplasm, myofibril, sarcomere, Z line.
Western blot analysis of FRG1 on different lysates with Rabbit anti-FRG1 antibody (HA722370) at 1/1,000 dilution.
Lane 1: HeLa cell lysate Lane 2: Jurkat cell lysate
Lysates/proteins at 20 µg/Lane.
Predicted band size: 29 kDa Observed band size: 29 kDa
Exposure time: 2 minutes; ECL: K1801;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (HA722370) at 1/1,000 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Immunocytochemistry analysis of HeLa cells labeling FRG1 with Rabbit anti-FRG1 antibody (HA722370) at 1/100 dilution.
Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 20 minutes at room temperature, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 minutes at room temperature, then blocked with 1% BSA in 10% negative goat serum for 1 hour at room temperature. Cells were then incubated with Rabbit anti-FRG1 antibody (HA722370) at 1/100 dilution in 1% BSA in PBST overnight at 4 ℃. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (iFluor™ 488, HA1121) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. PBS instead of the primary antibody was used as the secondary antibody only control. Nuclear DNA was labelled in blue with DAPI.
Beta tubulin (M1305-2, red) was stained at 1/100 dilution overnight at +4℃. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (iFluor™ 594, HA1126) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution.
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