Toll-like receptor 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR9 gene. TLR9 has also been designated as CD289 (cluster of differentiation 289). It is a member of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family. TLR9 is an important receptor expressed in immune system cells including dendritic cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, and other antigen presenting cells. TLR9 is expressed on endosomes internalized from the plasma membrane, binds DNA (preferentially DNA containing unmethylated CpGs of bacterial or viral origin), and triggers signaling cascades that lead to a pro-inflammatory cytokine response. Cancer, infection, and tissue damage can all modulate TLR9 expression and activation. TLR9 is also an important factor in autoimmune diseases, and there is active research into synthetic TLR9 agonists and antagonists that help regulate autoimmune inflammation.
Background References
1. Saber MM et al. TLR9: A friend or a foe. Life Sci. 2022 Oct
2. Fehri E et al. TLR9 and Glioma: Friends or Foes? Cells. 2022 Dec
Western blot analysis of TLR9 on different lysates with Rabbit anti-TLR9 antibody (HA722299) at 1/1,000 dilution.
Lane 1: Daudi cell lysate Lane 2: Raji cell lysate Lane 3: THP-1 cell lysate (negative) Lane 4: RPMI 8226 cell lysate
Lysates/proteins at 20 µg/Lane.
Predicted band size: 116 kDa Observed band size: 116 kDa
Exposure time: 3 minutes; ECL: K1801;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (HA722299) at 1/1,000 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
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