Proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ADRM1 gene. As the degradation machinery that is responsible for ~70% of intracellular proteolysis,[13] proteasome complex (26S proteasome) plays a critical roles in maintaining the homeostasis of cellular proteome. Accordingly, misfolded proteins and damaged protein need to be continuously removed to recycle amino acids for new synthesis; in parallel, some key regulatory proteins fulfill their biological functions via selective degradation; furthermore, proteins are digested into peptides for MHC class I antigen presentation. To meet such complicated demands in biological process via spatial and temporal proteolysis, protein substrates have to be recognized, recruited, and eventually hydrolyzed in a well controlled fashion. Thus, 19S regulatory particle pertains a series of important capabilities to address these functional challenges. To recognize protein as designated substrate, 19S complex has subunits that are capable to recognize proteins with a special degradative tag, the ubiquitinylation.
Background References
1. Zhu M et al. ADRM1/RPN13 attenuates cartilage extracellular matrix degradation via enhancing UCH37-mediated ALK5 deubiquitination. Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 Aug
2. Liang YC et al. ADRM1 as a therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2021 Jan
Western blot analysis of ADRM1 on different lysates with Rabbit anti-ADRM1 antibody (HA722270) at 1/2,000 dilution.
Lane 1: HEK-293 cell lysate (20 µg/Lane) Lane 2: HeLa cell lysate (20 µg/Lane) Lane 3: SK-MEL-28 cell lysate (20 µg/Lane) Lane 4: MCF7 cell lysate (20 µg/Lane) Lane 5: Ramos cell lysate (20 µg/Lane) Lane 6: Raji cell lysate (20 µg/Lane) Lane 7: K-562 cell lysate (20 µg/Lane) Lane 8: U-2 OS cell lysate (20 µg/Lane) Lane 9: SW620 cell lysate (20 µg/Lane) Lane 10: COS-1 cell lysate (20 µg/Lane) Lane 11: NIH/3T3 cell lysate (20 µg/Lane) Lane 12: RAW264.7 cell lysate (20 µg/Lane) Lane 13: PC-12 cell lysate (20 µg/Lane) Lane 14: C6 cell lysate (20 µg/Lane)
Predicted band size: 42 kDa Observed band size: 42 kDa Exposure time: 3 minutes; ECL: K1801; 4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (HA722270) at 1/2,000 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Immunocytochemistry analysis of SK-MEL-28 cells labeling ADRM1 with Rabbit anti-ADRM1 antibody (HA722270) at 1/500 dilution.
Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 20 minutes at room temperature, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 minutes at room temperature, then blocked with 1% BSA in 10% negative goat serum for 1 hour at room temperature. Cells were then incubated with Rabbit anti-ADRM1 antibody (HA722270) at 1/500 dilution in 1% BSA in PBST overnight at 4 ℃. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (iFluor™ 488, HA1121) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. PBS instead of the primary antibody was used as the secondary antibody only control. Nuclear DNA was labelled in blue with DAPI.
Beta tubulin (M1305-2, red) was stained at 1/100 dilution overnight at +4℃. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (iFluor™ 594, HA1126) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution.
Immunocytochemistry analysis of NIH/3T3 cells labeling ADRM1 with Rabbit anti-ADRM1 antibody (HA722270) at 1/500 dilution.
Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 20 minutes at room temperature, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 minutes at room temperature, then blocked with 1% BSA in 10% negative goat serum for 1 hour at room temperature. Cells were then incubated with Rabbit anti-ADRM1 antibody (HA722270) at 1/500 dilution in 1% BSA in PBST overnight at 4 ℃. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (iFluor™ 488, HA1121) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. PBS instead of the primary antibody was used as the secondary antibody only control. Nuclear DNA was labelled in blue with DAPI.
Beta tubulin (M1305-2, red) was stained at 1/100 dilution overnight at +4℃. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (iFluor™ 594, HA1126) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution.
Immunocytochemistry analysis of PC-12 cells labeling ADRM1 with Rabbit anti-ADRM1 antibody (HA722270) at 1/500 dilution.
Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 20 minutes at room temperature, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 minutes at room temperature, then blocked with 1% BSA in 10% negative goat serum for 1 hour at room temperature. Cells were then incubated with Rabbit anti-ADRM1 antibody (HA722270) at 1/500 dilution in 1% BSA in PBST overnight at 4 ℃. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (iFluor™ 488, HA1121) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. PBS instead of the primary antibody was used as the secondary antibody only control. Nuclear DNA was labelled in blue with DAPI.
Beta tubulin (M1305-2, red) was stained at 1/100 dilution overnight at +4℃. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (iFluor™ 594, HA1126) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution.
Flow cytometric analysis of SK-MEL-28 cells labeling ADRM1.
Cells were fixed and permeabilized. Then stained with the primary antibody (HA722270, 1/1,000) (red) compared with Rabbit IgG Isotype Control (green). After incubation of the primary antibody at +4℃ for an hour, the cells were stained with a iFluor™ 488 conjugate-Goat anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary antibody (HA1121) at 1/1,000 dilution for 30 minutes at +4℃. Unlabelled sample was used as a control (cells without incubation with primary antibody; black).
Flow cytometric analysis of NIH/3T3 cells labeling ADRM1.
Cells were fixed and permeabilized. Then stained with the primary antibody (HA722270, 1/1,000) (red) compared with Rabbit IgG Isotype Control (green). After incubation of the primary antibody at +4℃ for an hour, the cells were stained with a iFluor™ 488 conjugate-Goat anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary antibody (HA1121) at 1/1,000 dilution for 30 minutes at +4℃. Unlabelled sample was used as a control (cells without incubation with primary antibody; black).
Flow cytometric analysis of PC-12 cells labeling ADRM1.
Cells were fixed and permeabilized. Then stained with the primary antibody (HA722270, 1/1,000) (red) compared with Rabbit IgG Isotype Control (green). After incubation of the primary antibody at +4℃ for an hour, the cells were stained with a iFluor™ 488 conjugate-Goat anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary antibody (HA1121) at 1/1,000 dilution for 30 minutes at +4℃. Unlabelled sample was used as a control (cells without incubation with primary antibody; black).
ADRM1 was immunoprecipitated from 0.2 mg HEK-293 cell lysate with HA722270 at 2 µg/10 µl beads. Western blot was performed from the immunoprecipitate using HA722270 at 1/1,000 dilution. Anti-Rabbit IgG for IP, AlpSdAbs® VHH(HRP) (025-100-005) at 1/5,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Lane 1: HEK-293 cell lysate (input) Lane 2: HA722270 IP in HEK-293 cell lysate Lane 3: Rabbit IgG instead of HA722270 in HEK-293 cell lysate