Neurogranin is a calmodulin-binding protein expressed primarily in the brain, particularly in dendritic spines, and participating in the protein kinase C signaling pathway. Neurogranin has recently been found in aortic endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes. Neurogranin is the main postsynaptic protein regulating the availability of calmodulin, binding to it in the absence of calcium. Phosphorylation by protein kinase C lowers its binding ability. NRGN gene expression is controlled by thyroid hormones. Human neurogranin consists of 78 amino acids. One study tells of potential link of neurogranin gene to the heightened risk of schizophrenia in males, another study gives evidence of lowered neurogranin immunoreactivity in the brains of people suffering from schizophrenia. Neurogranin concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is further discussed as marker for synaptic dysfunction in age-related neurodegeneration. It has also been shown to be specifically increased in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Especially, the ratio of CSF neurogranin trunc P75 and the beta-secretase BACE1 is suggested as a potential marker for cognitive deterioration in the progress of Alzheimer's disease.
Background References
1. Xiang Y et al. Neurogranin: A Potential Biomarker of Neurological and Mental Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci. 2020 Oct
2. Jorgensen AN et al. Neurogranin regulates calcium-dependent cardiac hypertrophy. Exp Mol Pathol. 2022 Aug
Antigen retrieval: Recommend. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) for about 2 minutes in microwave oven.
Application: IHC-Fr
Species: Mouse
Site: Cerebral cortex
Sample: Frozen section
Antibody concentration: 1:200
Antigen retrieval: Recommend. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) for about 2 minutes in microwave oven.
Application: IHC-Fr
Species: Rat
Site: Hippocampus
Sample: Frozen section
Antibody concentration: 1:200
Antigen retrieval: Recommend. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) for about 2 minutes in microwave oven.
Immunofluorescence analysis of frozen rat brain tissue with Rabbit anti-Neurogranin antibody (HA721915) at 1/200 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) for about 2 minutes in microwave oven. The tissues were blocked in 10% negative goat serum for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (HA721915, green) at 1/200 dilution overnight at 4 ℃, washed with PBS. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (iFluor™ 488, HA1121) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue).
Western blot analysis of Neurogranin on different lysates with Rabbit anti-Neurogranin antibody (HA721915) at 1/2,000 dilution.
Lane 1: Mouse brain tissue lysate Lane 2: Mouse hippocampus tissue lysate Lane 3: Rat brain tissue lysate Lane 4: Rat hippocampus tissue lysate
Lysates/proteins at 30 µg/Lane.
Predicted band size: 8 kDa Observed band size: 15 kDa
Exposure time: 3 minutes;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (HA721915) at 1/2,000 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse brain tissue with Rabbit anti-Neurogranin antibody (HA721915) at 1/500 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (HA721915) at 1/500 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded rat brain tissue with Rabbit anti-Neurogranin antibody (HA721915) at 1/500 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (HA721915) at 1/500 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Application: IF-tissue
Species: Mouse
Site: Cerebral cortex
Sample: Paraffin-embedded section
Antibody concentration: 1:200
Application: IF-tissue
Species: Rat
Site: Cerebral cortex
Sample: Paraffin-embedded section
Antibody concentration: 1:200
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