This gene encodes a member of a family of calcium-regulated actin-binding proteins. This protein represents a dominant part of the brush border cytoskeleton which functions in the capping, severing, and bundling of actin filaments. Two mRNAs of 2.7 kb and 3.5 kb have been observed; they result from utilization of alternate poly-adenylation signals present in the terminal exon. Epithelial cell-specific Ca(2+)-regulated actin-modifying protein that modulates the reorganization of microvillar actin filaments. Plays a role in the actin nucleation, actin filament bundle assembly, actin filament capping and severing. Binds phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA); binds LPA with higher affinity than PIP2. Binding to LPA increases its phosphorylation by SRC and inhibits all actin-modifying activities. Binding to PIP2 inhibits actin-capping and -severing activities but enhances actin-bundling activity. Regulates the intestinal epithelial cell morphology, cell invasion, cell migration and apoptosis. Protects against apoptosis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in the gastrointestinal epithelium. Appears to regulate cell death by maintaining mitochondrial integrity. Enhances hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced epithelial cell motility, chemotaxis and wound repair. Upon S.flexneri cell infection, its actin-severing activity enhances actin-based motility of the bacteria and plays a role during the dissemination.
Background References
1. Nasser MET. et. al. Value of Plasmatic Villin-1 in the Prediction of Early Graft Dysfunction in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Diagnostic Accuracy Test. Exp Clin Transplant. 2021 Feb
2. Roy S. et. al. Villin-1 and Gelsolin Regulate Changes in Actin Dynamics That Affect Cell Survival Signaling Pathways and Intestinal Inflammation. Gastroenterology. 2018 Apr
Western blot analysis of Villin1 on different lysates with Rabbit anti-Villin1 antibody (HA721134) at 1/10,000 dilution.
Lane 1: HT-29 (Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell) cell lysate Lane 2: Caco-2 (Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell) cell lysate Lane 3: Hep G2 (Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell) cell lysate
Lysates/proteins at 15 µg/Lane. Exposure time: 17 seconds; ECL: K1801
Blocking: 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature Primary antibody: HA721134, 1/10,000 in primary antibody dilution buffer (K1803), overnight at 4 ℃ Secondary antibody: Goat anti-Rabbit IgG-HRP (HA1001), 1/50,000 in 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature
Predicted band size: 93 kDa Observed band size: 93 kDa
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human kidney tissue with Rabbit anti-Villin1 antibody (HA721134) at 1/3,000 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (HA721134) at 1/3,000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human small intestine tissue with Rabbit anti-Villin1 antibody (HA721134) at 1/3,000 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (HA721134) at 1/3,000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
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