Cytokeratins comprise a diverse group of intermediate filament proteins (IFPs) that are expressed as pairs in both keratinized and non-keratinized epithelial tissue. Cytokeratins constitute up to 85% of a mature keratinocytes in the vertebrate epidermis. Cytokeratins play a critical role in differentiation and tissue specialization, and they function to maintain the overall structural integrity of epithelial cells. The alpha-helical coiled-coil dimers associate laterally end-to-end to form 10-nm diameter filaments. Cytokeratins are useful markers of tissue differentiation, and they aid in the characterization of malignant tumors. Cytokeratin 1 is highly expressed in several malignancies including epithelioid hemangioendohtheliomas, angiosarcomas, schwannomas, epithelioid sarcomas and synodal sarcomas. The gene encoding human Cytokeratin 1 maps to chromosome 12q13.13. Mutations in the gene encoding human Cytokeratin 1 lead to abnormal filament associations and epidermolytic hyperkeratosis.
Background References
1. Zhu, H. et al. 2016. MiR-217 is down-regulated in psoriasis and promotes keratinocyte differentiation via targeting GRHL2. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 471: 169-76.
2. Li, G. et al. 2015. Transcription Factor PAX6 (Paired Box 6) Controls Limbal Stem Cell Lineage in Development and Disease. The Journal of biological chemistry. 290: 20448-54.
Immunofluorescence analysis of paraffin-embedded human skin tissue labeling Cytokeratin 1 (HA720124F) and Vimentin (EM0401).
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 10% negative goat serum for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. And then probed with the primary antibodies Cytokeratin 1 (HA720124F, red) at 1/50 dilution and Vimentin (EM0401, green) at 1/200 dilution at +4℃ overnight, washed with PBS.
Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (iFluor™ 488, HA1125) were used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue).
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