5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is a DNA pyrimidine nitrogen base derived from cytosine. It is potentially important in epigenetics, because the hydroxymethyl group on the cytosine can possibly switch a gene on and off. It was first seen in bacteriophages in 1952. However, in 2009 it was found to be abundant in human and mouse brains, as well as in embryonic stem cells. In mammals, it can be generated by oxidation of 5-methylcytosine, a reaction mediated by TET enzymes.
Background References
1. Ma X et al. Tet Enzymes-Mediated DNA 5hmC Modification in Cerebral Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Injury. Neurotox Res. 2022 Jun
2. Xu X et al. 5hmC modification regulates R-loop accumulation in response to stress. Front Psychiatry. 2023 Jun
Synonyms
5-hmC antibody
5-hydroxymethylcytosine antibody
5hmC antibody
Images
☑ Relative expression (RE)
Western blot analysis of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) on different conjugations with Mouse anti-5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) antibody (HA601351) at 1/1,000 dilution.
Lane 1: Uridine-BSA (negative) Lane 2: Cytidine-BSA (negative) Lane 3: 5-Methylcytosine-BSA (negative) Lane 4: 3-Methylcytosine-BSA (negative) Lane 5: 5-Hydroxymethylcytidine-BSA (positive)
Lysates/proteins at 2 μg/Lane.
Predicted band size: 66 kDa Observed band size: 66 kDa
Exposure time: 6 seconds; ECL: K1801;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (HA601351) at 1/1,000 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at room temperature for 2 hours. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1006) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Competitive ELISA analysis of 5-hmc was performed by coating wells of a 96-well plate with 50 µl per well of 5-hmc-BSA diluted in carbonate/bicarbonate buffer, at a concentration of 1 µg/mL overnight at 4℃. Wells of the plate were washed, blocked with 1%BSA blocking buffer, and incubated with 100 µl per well of 5-hmc monoclonal antibody at concentration of 1 µg/mL with serial diluted 5-hmc and its analogs starting from a concentration of 10,000ng/ml to 0.61ng/mL for 1 hours at room temperature. The plate was washed and incubated with 50 µl per well of an HRP-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG secondary antibody at a dilution of 1/35,000 for one hour at room temperature. Detection was performed using an Ultra TMB Substrate for 8 minutes at room temperature in the dark. The reaction was stopped with sulfuric acid and absorbances were read on a spectrophotometer at 450 nm.
This antibody demonstrates high specificity for 5-hmc and little or no crossreactivity to it analogs.
Immunocytochemistry analysis of HeLa cells labeling 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) with Mouse anti-5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) antibody (HA601351) at 1/100 dilution.
Cells were fixed in 70% ethyl alcohol for 5 minutes at room temperature, then subjected to acid hydrolysis using 2M HCl in TBST for 30 minutes at room temperature. Permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 15 minutes, and then blocked with 2% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature. Cells were then incubated with Mouse anti-5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) antibody (HA601351) at 1/100 dilution in 1% BSA in PBST overnight at 4 ℃. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (iFluor™ 488, HA1125) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. PBS instead of the primary antibody was used as the secondary antibody only control. Nuclear DNA was labelled in blue with DAPI.
beta Tubulin (ET1602-4, red) was stained at 1/100 dilution overnight at +4℃. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (iFluor™ 594, HA1122) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution.
Dot blot analysis of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) on different conjugations with Mouse anti-5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) antibody (HA601351) at 1/1,000 dilution. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1006) at 1/50,000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature.
Lane 1: Uridine-BSA (negative) Lane 2: Cytidine-BSA (negative) Lane 3: 5-Methylcytosine-BSA (negative) Lane 4: 3-Methylcytosine-BSA (negative) Lane 5: 5-Hydroxymethylcytidine-BSA (positive)
Proteins loading: 50ng, 10ng, 2ng, 0.4ng;
Blocking and dilution buffer: 5% NFDM/TBST;
Exposure time: 3 minutes; ECL: K1802.
MeDIP was performed using anti-5-hmC antibody (HA601351) or Normal Mouse IgG. The same amount of unmethylated, 5-Methylcytosine (5-mC) or 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) DNA standard was spiked in 1ug of genomic DNA isolated from HeLa cells as the control. Realtime PCR was then performed to determine the capture of DNA standard as in % of recovery, which is equivalent to one.
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