ESD (esterase D) is also known as S-formylglutathione hydrolase and is a 282 amino acid protein that is a member of the esterase D family. ESD is highly expressed in placenta, kidney, liver and erythrocytes, and is localized to the cytoplasm, as well as to cytoplasmic vesicles. The main function of ESD is to detoxify formaldehyde while providing energy. Formaldehyde is oxidized by ADH5 which yields S-formylglutathione. ESD then catalyzes the hydrolysis of S-formylglutathione to the reduced forms of formic acid and glutathione. In addition, ESD hydrolyzes a variety of different neutral ester substrates and can act as a carboxylesterase. ESD may also act as a cysteine hydrolase which is inactivated by thiol alkylating agents. ESD gene polymorphism can lead to reduced enzymatic activity which may cause susceptibility to many conditions, including toxic liver cirrhosis, retinoblastoma, obesity and autism.
Background References
1. Li W et al. Esterase D enhances type I interferon signal transduction to suppress foot-and-mouth disease virus replication. Mol Immunol 75:112-21 (2016).
2. Kaźmierczak M et al. Esterase D and gamma 1 actin level might predict results of induction therapy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia without and with maturation. Med Oncol 30(4):725 (2013).
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (HA601305) at 1/1,000 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1006) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of ESD on different lysates with Mouse anti-ESD antibody (HA601305) at 1/2,000 dilution.
Lane 1: Human kidney tissue lysate Lane 2: Mouse kidney tissue lysate Lane 3: Mouse colon tissue lysate Lane 4: Mouse stomach tissue lysate Lane 5: Rat kidney tissue lysate Lane 6: Rat colon tissue lysate Lane 7: Rat stomach tissue lysate
Lysates/proteins at 20 µg/Lane.
Predicted band size: 31 kDa Observed band size: 31 kDa
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (HA601305) at 1/2,000 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1006) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
☑ Knockdown (KD)
Western blot analysis of ESD on different lysates with Mouse anti-ESD antibody (HA601305) at 1/20,000 dilution.
Lane 1: HAP1-parental cell lysate Lane 2: HAP1-ESD KD cell lysate
Lysates/proteins at 10 µg/Lane.
Predicted band size: 31 kDa Observed band size: 31 kDa
Exposure time: 10 seconds; ECL: K1801;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (HA601305) at 1/20,000 dilution was used in K1803 at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1006) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
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