The prolactin receptor (PRLR) is a type I cytokine receptor encoded in humans by the PRLR gene on chromosome 5p13-14. It is the receptor for prolactin (PRL). The PRLR can also bind to and be activated by growth hormone (GH) and human placental lactogen (hPL). The PRLR is expressed in the mammary glands, pituitary gland, and other tissues. It plays an important role in lobuloalveolar development of the mammary glands during pregnancy and in lactation. The PRLR is a class 1 cytokine receptor that uses messenger pathways to control cell proliferation, migration, intracellular ion concentration and inhibit programmed cell death (apoptosis). Expression of the PRLR protein is found within cells of the mammary glands in accordance with its role in lactation, but also is the subject of attention for its diverse and emerging roles by its expression in adipose tissue, pancreatic islet cell proliferation, and immune responses. The PRLR has been found to be essential for lobuloalveolar maturation of the mammary glands during pregnancy, as evidenced by the fact that PRLR knockout mice show severely impaired development of lobuloalveolar structures. Disruption of PRLR signaling pathways have been linked to tumorigenesis and breast cancer development.
Background References
1. Shemanko CS. Prolactin receptor in breast cancer: marker for metastatic risk. J Mol Endocrinol. 2016 Nov
2. Abramicheva PA. et. al. Prolactin Receptor Isoforms as the Basis of Tissue-Specific Action of Prolactin in the Norm and Pathology. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2019 Apr
Western blot analysis of Prolactin Receptor / PRL-R on different lysates with Mouse anti-Prolactin Receptor / PRL-R antibody (HA600099) at 1/2,000 dilution.
Lane 1: MCF7 (Human breast cancer cell) cell lysate Lane 2: HeLa (Human cervical adenocarcinoma cell) cell lysate Lane 3: HEK-293 (Human embryonic kidney cell) cell lysate
Blocking: 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature Primary antibody: HA600099, 1/2,000 in primary antibody dilution buffer (K1803), overnight at 4 ℃ Secondary antibody: Goat anti-Mouse IgG-HRP (HA1006), 1/50,000 in 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature
Predicted band size: 70 kDa Observed band size: 90 kDa
Immunocytochemistry analysis of MCF-7 cells labeling Prolactin Receptor / PRL-R with Mouse anti-Prolactin Receptor / PRL-R antibody (HA600099) at 1/100 dilution.
Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 30 minutes, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 15 minutes, and then blocked with 2% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature. Cells were then incubated with Mouse anti-Prolactin Receptor / PRL-R antibody (HA600099) at 1/100 dilution in 2% BSA overnight at 4 ℃. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (iFluor™ 488, HA1125) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. PBS instead of the primary antibody was used as the secondary antibody only control. Nuclear DNA was labelled in blue with DAPI.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human kidney tissue with Mouse anti-Prolactin Receptor / PRL-R antibody (HA600099) at 1/200 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (HA600099) at 1/200 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human pancreas tissue with Mouse anti-Prolactin Receptor / PRL-R antibody (HA600099) at 1/200 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (HA600099) at 1/200 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Flow cytometric analysis of HeLa cells labeling Prolactin Receptor / PRL-R.
Cells were fixed and permeabilized. Then stained with the primary antibody (HA600099, 1/1,000) (red) compared with Mouse IgG1 Isotype Control (green). After incubation of the primary antibody at +4℃ for an hour, the cells were stained with a iFluor™ 488 conjugate-Goat anti-Mouse IgG Secondary antibody (HA1125) at 1/1,000 dilution for 30 minutes at +4℃. Unlabelled sample was used as a control (cells without incubation with primary antibody; black).
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