Glycerol kinase, encoded by the gene GK, is a phosphotransferase enzyme involved in triglycerides and glycerophospholipids synthesis. Glycerol kinase catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate from ATP to glycerol thus forming glycerol 3-phosphate. Adipocytes lack glycerol kinase so they cannot metabolize the glycerol produced during triacyl glycerol degradation. This glycerol is instead shuttled to the liver via the blood where it is: Phosphorylated by glycerol kinase to glycerol 3-phosphate. Converted from glycerol 3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) via glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. DHAP can participate in glycolysis or gluconeogenesis. This protein may use the morpheein model of allosteric regulation. Glycerol Kinase (alternative name, ATP:glycerol 3-phosphotransferase or Glycerokinase) adopts a ribonuclease H-like fold consisting of an alpha-beta 2-layer sandwich of CATH family 3.30.420.40. As of March 2010, there were 20 structures of this protein in the PDB, most of which are homodimeric.
Background References
1. Arrieta F. et. al. Glycerol kinase deficiency in adult patient: hypertriglyceridemia resistance to diet and pharmacological treatment. Nutr Hosp. 2018 Aug.
2. Bellerose MM. et. al. Common Variants in the Glycerol Kinase Gene Reduce Tuberculosis Drug Efficacy. mBio. 2019 Jul.
Sequence Similarity
Belongs to the FGGY kinase family.
Tissue Specificity
Highly expressed in the liver, kidney and testis. Isoform 2 and isoform 3 are expressed specifically in testis and fetal liver, but not in the adult liver.
Western blot analysis of Glycerol Kinase on different lysates with Rabbit anti-Glycerol Kinase antibody (ET7110-96) at 1/1,000 dilution.
Lane 1: A549-si NT cell lysate Lane 2: A549-si Glycerol Kinase cell lysate
Lysates/proteins at 10 µg/Lane.
Predicted band size: 61/57 kDa Observed band size: 61/57 kDa
Exposure time: 1 minute; ECL: K1802;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (ET7110-96) at 1/1,000 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of Glycerol Kinase on different lysates with Rabbit anti-Glycerol Kinase antibody (ET7110-96) at 1/1,000 dilution.
Lane 1: rat kidney tissue lysate
Lysates/proteins at 10 µg/Lane. Exposure time: 6 seconds; ECL: K1801
Blocking: 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature Primary antibody: ET7110-96, 1/1,000 in primary antibody dilution buffer (K1803), overnight at 4 ℃ Secondary antibody: Goat anti-Rabbit IgG-HRP (HA1001), 1/50,000 in 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature
Predicted band size: 61.2 kDa Observed band size: 61/57 kDa
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded rat testis tissue with Rabbit anti-Glycerol Kinase antibody (ET7110-96) at 1/200 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer(pH 8.0-8.4))for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET7110-96) at 1/200 dilution for 0.5 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human liver tissue with Rabbit anti-Glycerol Kinase antibody (ET7110-96) at 1/200 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer(pH 8.0-8.4))for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET7110-96) at 1/200 dilution for 0.5 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human kidney tissue with Rabbit anti-Glycerol Kinase antibody (ET7110-96) at 1/200 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer(pH 8.0-8.4))for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET7110-96) at 1/200 dilution for 0.5 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse testis tissue with Rabbit anti-Glycerol Kinase antibody (ET7110-96) at 1/200 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer(pH 8.0-8.4))for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET7110-96) at 1/200 dilution for 0.5 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Flow cytometric analysis of Glycerol Kinase was done on 293 cells. The cells were fixed, permeabilized and stained with the primary antibody (ET7110-96, 1/50) (red). After incubation of the primary antibody at room temperature for an hour, the cells were stained with a Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated Goat anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary antibody at 1/1000 dilution for 30 minutes.Unlabelled sample was used as a control (cells without incubation with primary antibody; black).
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