NUDC (nuclear distribution gene C homolog, A. nidulans), also known as HNUDC, MNUDC or NPD011, is a ubiquitously expressed protein that is conserved from fungus to human. Highly expressed in proliferating cells, NUDC localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus, contains a CS domain and participates in neurogenesis, mitosis, nuclear migration and cytokinesis. At the onset of mitosis, NUDC is phosphorylated by Plk. This modification of NUDC is required for proper mitotic spindle formation, chromosome separation during mitosis, cytokinesis and cell proliferation. In neurons and fibroblasts, NUDC forms a complex with LIS1 that localizes to the microtubule network and microtubule-organizing center and facilitates nuclear movement and transport in migrating neurons. In addition, the NUDC/LIS1 complex can associate with the minus-end directed Dynein/Dynactin motor complex and, together, these complexes cooperate in the regulation of cytokinesis.
Background References
1. Chen D. et. al. EML4 promotes the loading of NUDC to the spindle for mitotic progression. Cell Cycle. 2015;14(10):1529-39.
2. Weiderhold KN. et. al. Dynamic Phosphorylation of NudC by Aurora B in Cytokinesis. PLoS One. 2016 Apr 13;11(4):e0153455.
Sequence Similarity
Belongs to the nudC family.
Tissue Specificity
Ubiquitous. Highly expressed in fetal liver, kidney, lung and brain. Highly expressed in adult pancreas, kidney, skeletal muscle, liver, lung, placenta, prostate, brain and heart.
Post-translational Modification
Reversibly phosphorylated on serine residues during the M phase of the cell cycle. Phosphorylation on Ser-274 and Ser-326 is necessary for correct formation of mitotic spindles and chromosome separation during mitosis. Phosphorylated by PLK and other kinases.
Western blot analysis of NUDC on different lysates with Rabbit anti-NUDC antibody (ET7110-18) at 1/5,000 dilution.
Lane 1: Mouse testis tissue lysate Lane 2: Rat brain tissue lysate Lane 3: Rat testis tissue lysate
Lysates/proteins at 40 µg/Lane.
Predicted band size: 38 kDa Observed band size: 45 kDa
Exposure time: 20 seconds; ECL: K1801;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (ET7110-18) at 1/5,000 dilution was used in primary antibody dilution (K1803) at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of NUDC on different lysates. Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% BSA in PBS for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (ET7110-18, 1/500) was used in 5% BSA at room temperature for 2 hours. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1:5,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature. Positive control: Lane 1: K562 cell lysates Lane 2: PC-3M cell lysates Lane 3: U937 cell lysates
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human tonsil tissue using anti-NUDC antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) (high pressure) for 2 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET7110-18, 1/200) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human colon carcinoma tissue using anti-NUDC antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) (high pressure) for 2 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET7110-18, 1/200) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human gastric carcinoma tissue using anti-NUDC antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) (high pressure) for 2 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET7110-18, 1/200) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse brain tissue using anti-NUDC antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) (high pressure) for 2 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET7110-18, 1/200) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded rat brain tissue using anti-NUDC antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) (high pressure) for 2 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET7110-18, 1/200) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunocytochemistry analysis of K-562 cells labeling NUDC with Rabbit anti-NUDC antibody (ET7110-18) at 1/100 dilution.
Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 minutes at room temperature, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 15 minutes at room temperature, then blocked with 1% BSA in 10% negative goat serum for 1 hour at room temperature. Cells were then incubated with Rabbit anti-NUDC antibody (ET7110-18) at 1/100 dilution in 1% BSA in PBST overnight at 4 ℃. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (iFluor™ 488, HA1121) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. PBS instead of the primary antibody was used as the secondary antibody only control. Nuclear DNA was labelled in blue with DAPI.
Beta tubulin (HA601187, red) was stained at 1/100 dilution overnight at +4℃. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (iFluor™ 594, HA1126) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution.
Flow cytometric analysis of K-562 cells labeling NUDC.
Cells were fixed and permeabilized. Then stained with the primary antibody (ET7110-18, 1/1,000) (red) compared with Rabbit IgG Isotype Control (green). After incubation of the primary antibody at +4℃ for an hour, the cells were stained with a iFluor™ 488 conjugate-Goat anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary antibody (HA1121) at 1/1,000 dilution for 30 minutes at +4℃. Unlabelled sample was used as a control (cells without incubation with primary antibody; black).
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