CtBP1 is a cellular phosphoprotein that associates with various proteins and functions as a corepressor of transcription. CtBP1 and the related protein CtBP2 are characterized as C-terminal binding protein of adenovirus E1A, and they preferentially associate with the E1A via a 5-amino acid motif, PLDLS, to repress E1A induced oncogenesis and cellular transformation. CtBP1 is expressed from embryo to adult, but CtBP2 is mainly expressed during embryogenesis. During skeletal and T-cell development, CtBP1 and CtBP2 associate with the PLDLSL domain of δEF1, a cellular zinc finger-homeodomain protein, and thereby enhances δEF1 induced transcriptional silencing. In addition, CtBP complexes with CtIP, a protein that recognizes distinctly different protein motifs from CtBP. CtIP binds to the BRCT repeats within the breast cancer gene BRCA1 and enables CtBP to influence BRCA1 activity. CtIP/CtBP binding to BRCA1 inhibits the transactivation of the p21 promoter, and it is critical for regulating p21 transcription in response to DNA damage.
Background References
1. Sewalt R G A B et al. C-terminal binding protein is a transcriptional repressor that interacts with a specific class of vertebrate polycomb proteins. Mol Cell Biol 19:777-787 (1999).
2. Alpatov R et al. Nuclear speckle-associated protein Pnn/DRS binds to the transcriptional corepressor CtBP and relieves CtBP-mediated repression of the E-cadherin gene. Mol Cell Biol 24:10223-10235 (2004).
Sequence Similarity
Belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family.
Tissue Specificity
Expressed in germinal center B-cells.
Post-translational Modification
The level of phosphorylation appears to be regulated during the cell cycle. Phosphorylation by HIPK2 on Ser-422 induces proteasomal degradation.; ADP-ribosylated; when cells are exposed to brefeldin A.; Sumoylation on Lys-428 is promoted by the E3 SUMO-protein ligase CBX4.
Western blot analysis of CtBP1 on different lysates with Rabbit anti-CtBP1 antibody (ET7108-96) at 1/1,000 dilution.
Lane 1: HAP1-parental cell lysate Lane 2: HAP1-CtBP1 KD cell lysate
Lysates/proteins at 10 µg/Lane.
Predicted band size: 47 kDa Observed band size: 47 kDa
Exposure time: 120 seconds; ECL: K1801;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (ET7108-96) at 1/1,000 dilution was used in K1803 at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
ICC staining of CtBP1 in A549 cells (green). Formalin fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with 10% negative goat serum for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with the primary antibody (ET7108-96, 1/50) for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. Alexa Fluor®488 conjugate-Goat anti-Rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human colon tissue using anti-CtBP1 antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) (high pressure) for 2 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET7108-96, 1/400) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded rat kidney tissue using anti-CtBP1 antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes.The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET7108-96, 1/50) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
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