Together with fibrinogen alpha (FGA) and fibrinogen beta (FGB), polymerizes to form an insoluble fibrin matrix. Has a major function in hemostasis as one of the primary components of blood clots. In addition, functions during the early stages of wound repair to stabilize the lesion and guide cell migration during re-epithelialization. Was originally thought to be essential for platelet aggregation, based on in vitro studies using anticoagulated blood. However, subsequent studies have shown that it is not absolutely required for thrombus formation in vivo. Enhances expression of SELP in activated platelets via an ITGB3-dependent pathway. Maternal fibrinogen is essential for successful pregnancy. Fibrin deposition is also associated with infection, where it protects against IFNG-mediated hemorrhage. May also facilitate the antibacterial immune response via both innate and T-cell mediated pathways.
Background References
1. Everse S.J. et al. Conformational changes in fragments D and double-D from human fibrin(ogen) upon binding the peptide ligand Gly-His-Arg-Pro-amide. Biochemistry 38:2941-2946(1999).
2. Kollman J.M. et al. Crystal structure of human fibrinogen. Biochemistry 48:3877-3886(2009).
Tissue Specificity
Detected in blood plasma (at protein level).
Post-translational Modification
Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is triggered by thrombin, which cleaves fibrinopeptides A and B from alpha and beta chains, and thus exposes the N-terminal polymerization sites responsible for the formation of the soft clot. The soft clot is converted into the hard clot by factor XIIIA which catalyzes the epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine cross-linking between gamma chains (stronger) and between alpha chains (weaker) of different monomers.; Sulfation of C-terminal tyrosines increases affinity for thrombin.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human colon tissue with Rabbit anti-Fibrinogen gamma chain antibody (ET7108-46) at 1/50 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET7108-46) at 1/50 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Flow cytometric analysis of Fibrinogen gamma chain was done on HepG2 cells. The cells were fixed, permeabilized and stained with the primary antibody (ET7108-46, 1/50) (purple). After incubation of the primary antibody at room temperature for an hour, the cells were stained with a Alexa Fluor®488 conjugate-Goat anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary antibody at 1/1000 dilution for 30 minutes.Unlabelled sample was used as a control (cells without incubation with primary antibody; yellow).
Western blot analysis of Fibrinogen gamma chain on different lysates with Rabbit anti-Fibrinogen gamma chain antibody (ET7108-46) at 1/2,000 dilution.
Lane 1: Human plasma lysate
Exposure time: 20 seconds; ECL: K1801
Blocking: 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature Primary antibody: ET7108-46, 1/2,000 in primary antibody dilution buffer (K1803), overnight at 4 ℃ Secondary antibody: Goat anti- Rabbit IgG-HRP (HA1001), 1/50,000 in 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature
Predicted band size: 52 kDa Observed band size: 55 kDa
Please note: All products are "FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY AND ARE NOT INTENDED FOR DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC USE"