Chemokine receptor CXCR3 is a Gαi protein-coupled receptor in the CXC chemokine receptor family. Other names for CXCR3 are G protein-coupled receptor 9 (GPR9) and CD183. CXCR3 is able to regulate leukocyte trafficking. Binding of chemokines to CXCR3 induces various cellular responses, most notably integrin activation, cytoskeletal changes and chemotactic migration. CXCR3-ligand interaction attracts Th1 cells and promotes Th1 cell maturation. As a consequence of chemokine-induced cellular desensitization (phosphorylation-dependent receptor internalization), cellular responses are typically rapid and short in duration. Cellular responsiveness is restored after dephosphorylation of intracellular receptors and subsequent recycling to the cell surface. A hallmark of CXCR3 is its prominent expression in in vitro cultured effector/memory T cells, and in T cells present in many types of inflamed tissues. In addition, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 are commonly produced by local cells in inflammatory lesion, suggesting that CXCR3 and its chemokines participate in the recruitment of inflammatory cells. Additionally, CXCR3 has been implicated in wound healing.
Background References
1. Tanaka A et al. Th2 and regulatory immune reactions contribute to IgG4 production and the initiation of Mikulicz disease. Arthritis Rheum 64:254-63 (2012).
2. Song CH et al. Identification of chemoattractive factors involved in the migration of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells to brain lesions caused by prions. J Virol 85:11069-78 (2011).
Sequence Similarity
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.
Tissue Specificity
Isoform 1 and isoform 2 are mainly expressed in heart, kidney, liver and skeletal muscle. Isoform 1 is also expressed in placenta. Isoform 2 is expressed in endothelial cells. Expressed in T-cells (at protein level).
Post-translational Modification
Sulfation on Tyr-27 and Tyr-29 is essential for CXCL10 binding and subsequent signal transduction induction.; N-glycosylated.
Western blot analysis of CXCR3 on different lysates with Rabbit anti-CXCR3 antibody (ET1704-97) at 1/5,000 dilution.
Lane 1: HeLa cell lysate Lane 2: HepG2 cell lysate Lane 3: PANC-1 cell lysate Lane 4: K-562 cell lysate Lane 5: HT-29 cell lysate
Lysates/proteins at 20 µg/Lane.
Predicted band size: 41 kDa Observed band size: 50 kDa
Exposure time: 1 minute; ECL: K1801;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (ET1704-97) at 1/5,000 dilution was used in primary antibody dilution (K1803) at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of CXCR3 on different lysates with Rabbit anti-CXCR3 antibody (ET1704-97) at 1/1,000 dilution.
Lane 1: Human lung tissue lysate (20 µg/Lane) Lane 2: K-562 cell lysate (10 µg/Lane)
Predicted band size: 41 kDa Observed band size: 50 kDa
Exposure time: 57 seconds;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (ET1704-97) at 1/1,000 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
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