Profilins regulate Actin polymerization by binding to and sequestering the Actin monomer. Profilins act as a nucleotide exchange factor that charges Actin with ATP after binding the Actin monomer through a 1:1 stoichiometric relationship. Human Profilin-1 and Profilin-2 are encoded by two separate genes mapping to chromosomes 17p13.2 and 3q25.1, respectively. Both Profilin-1 and Profilin-2 are abundantly expressed in kidney. Profilin-1 is highly expressed in lung, liver, placenta and kidney while Profilin-2 is highly expressed in brain and skeletal muscle. In axonal and dendritic processes of mouse brain, Profilins co-localize with dynamin I and synapsin. Profilin may play a role in mediating cell adhesion. The overexpression of Profilin in endothelial cells results in increased adhesion to Fibronectin. In food allergy, plant Profilin is considered a pan-allergen. Case studies indicate individuals with allergies to various foods including celery, carrots, zucchini and peanuts are actually sensitive to the Profilin proteins in these foods.
Background References
1. Sato Y et al. The PD-1/PD-L1 axis may be aberrantly activated in occupational cholangiocarcinoma.Pathol Int 67(3):163-170 (2017).
2. Chen H et al. An Agonist of the Protective Factor SIRT1 Improves Functional Recovery and Promotes Neuronal Survival by Attenuating Inflammation after Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurosci 37:2916-2930 (2017).
Sequence Similarity
Belongs to the profilin family.
Tissue Specificity
Expressed in epididymis (at protein level).
Post-translational Modification
Phosphorylation at Ser-138 reduces its affinity for G-actin and blocks its interaction with HTT, reducing its ability to inhibit androgen receptor (AR) and HTT aggregation.
Western blot analysis of Profilin 1 on different lysates with Rabbit anti-Profilin 1 antibody (ET1704-42) at 1/500 dilution.
Lane 1: A549 cell lysate Lane 2: Hela cell lysate Lane 3: A431 cell lysate
Lysates/proteins at 10 µg/Lane.
Predicted band size: 15 kDa Observed band size: 15 kDa
Exposure time: 2 minutes;
15% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (ET1704-42) at 1/500 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at room temperature for 2 hours. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1:200,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
ICC staining of Profilin 1 in A549 cells (green). Formalin fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with 10% negative goat serum for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with the primary antibody (ET1704-42, 1/50) for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. Alexa Fluor®488 conjugate-Goat anti-Rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).
ICC staining of Profilin 1 in Hela cells (green). Formalin fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with 10% negative goat serum for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with the primary antibody (ET1704-42, 1/50) for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. Alexa Fluor®488 conjugate-Goat anti-Rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).
ICC staining of Profilin 1 in HepG2 cells (green). Formalin fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with 10% negative goat serum for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with the primary antibody (ET1704-42, 1/50) for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. Alexa Fluor®488 conjugate-Goat anti-Rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human kidney tissue using anti-Profilin 1 antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes.The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1704-42, 1/50) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse colon tissue using anti-Profilin 1 antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes.The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1704-42, 1/50) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse kidney tissue using anti-Profilin 1 antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes.The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1704-42, 1/50) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Flow cytometric analysis of Profilin 1 was done on Hela cells. The cells were fixed, permeabilized and stained with the primary antibody (ET1704-42, 1/50) (red). After incubation of the primary antibody at room temperature for an hour, the cells were stained with a Alexa Fluor®488 conjugate-Goat anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution for 30 minutes.Unlabelled sample was used as a control (cells without incubation with primary antibody; black).
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