Members of the GATA family share a conserved zinc finger DNA-binding domain and are capable of binding the WGATAR consensus sequence. GATA-1 is erythroid-specific and is responsible for the regulated transcription of erythroid genes. It is an essential component in the generation of the erythroid lineage. GATA-2 is expressed in embryonic brain and liver, HeLa and endothelial cells, as well as in erythroid cells. Studies with a modified GATA consensus sequence, AGATCTTA, have shown that GATA-2 and GATA-3 recognize this mutated consensus while GATA-1 has poor recognition of this sequence. This indicates broader regulatory capabilities of GATA-2 and GATA-3 than GATA-1. GATA-3 is highly expressed in T lymphocytes. GATA-4, GATA-5 and GATA-6 comprise a subfamily of transcription factors. Both GATA-4 and GATA-6 are found in heart, pancreas and ovary; lung and liver tissues exhibit GATA-6, but not GATA-4 expression. GATA-5 expression has been observed in differentiated heart and gut tissues and is present throughout the course of development in the heart. Although expression patterns of the various GATA transcription factors may overlap, it is not yet apparent how the GATA factors are able to discriminate in binding their appropriate target sites.
Background References
1. Yamada Y et al. Cardiac Reprogramming and Gata4 Overexpression Reduce Fibrosis and Improve Diastolic Dysfunction in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Circulation. 2025 Feb
2. Zhou BR et al. Structural insights into the cooperative nucleosome recognition and chromatin opening by FOXA1 and GATA4. Mol Cell. 2024 Aug
Post-translational Modification
Methylation at Lys-300 attenuates transcriptional activity.
Western blot analysis of GATA4 on different lysates with Rabbit anti-GATA4 antibody (ET1704-32) at 1/1,000 dilution.
Lane 1: HeLa cell lysate (20 µg/Lane) Lane 2: HEK-293 cell lysate (20 µg/Lane) Lane 3: PC-3 cell lysate (20 µg/Lane) Lane 4: Mouse ovary tissue lysate (40 µg/Lane) Lane 5: Mouse testis tissue lysate (40 µg/Lane) Lane 6: Rat ovary tissue lysate (40 µg/Lane) Lane 7: Rat testis tissue lysate (40 µg/Lane)
Predicted band size: 45 kDa Observed band size: 55 kDa
Exposure time: 15 seconds; ECL: K1801;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (ET1704-32) at 1/1,000 dilution was used in primary antibody dilution (K1803) at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Immunocytochemistry analysis of HEK-293 cells labeling GATA4 with Rabbit anti-GATA4 antibody (ET1704-32) at 1/250 dilution.
Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 minutes at room temperature, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 15 minutes at room temperature, then blocked with 1% BSA in 10% negative goat serum for 1 hour at room temperature. Cells were then incubated with Rabbit anti-GATA4 antibody (ET1704-32) at 1/250 dilution in 1% BSA in PBST overnight at 4 ℃. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (iFluor™ 488, HA1121) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. PBS instead of the primary antibody was used as the secondary antibody only control. Nuclear DNA was labelled in blue with DAPI.
Beta tubulin (HA601187, red) was stained at 1/100 dilution overnight at +4℃. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (iFluor™ 594, HA1126) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution.
Flow cytometric analysis of GATA4 was done on Hela cells. The cells were fixed, permeabilized and stained with the primary antibody (ET1704-32, 1/50) (red). After incubation of the primary antibody at room temperature for an hour, the cells were stained with a Alexa Fluor®488 conjugate-Goat anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary antibody at 1/1000 dilution for 30 minutes.Unlabelled sample was used as a control (cells without incubation with primary antibody; black).
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