14-3-3 protein theta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the YWHAQ gene. This gene product belongs to the 14-3-3 family of proteins that mediate signal transduction by binding to phosphoserine-containing proteins. This highly conserved protein family is found in both plants and mammals, and this protein is 99% identical to the mouse and rat orthologs. This gene is upregulated in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. It contains in its 5' UTR a 6 bp tandem repeat sequence that is polymorphic; however, there is no correlation between the repeat number and the disease.
Background References
1. Scheibner, KA. et al. 2012. MiR-27a functions as a tumor suppressor in acute leukemia by regulating 14-3-3θ. PLoS ONE. 7: e50895.
2. Karasawa, T. et al. 2010. CLIMP-63 is a gentamicin-binding protein that is involved in drug-induced cytotoxicity. Cell death & disease. 1: e102.
Sequence Similarity
Belongs to the 14-3-3 family.
Tissue Specificity
Abundantly expressed in brain, heart and pancreas, and at lower levels in kidney and placenta. Up-regulated in the lumbar spinal cord from patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) compared with controls, with highest levels of expression in individuals with predominant lower motor neuron involvement.
Western blot analysis of 14-3-3 Theta on different lysates with Rabbit anti-14-3-3 Theta antibody (ET1612-97) at 1/1,000 dilution.
Lane 1: HAP1-parental cell lysate Lane 2: HAP1-14-3-3 Theta KD cell lysate
Lysates/proteins at 10 µg/Lane.
Predicted band size: 28 kDa Observed band size: 28 kDa
Exposure time: 46 seconds; ECL: K1801;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (ET1612-97) at 1/1,000 dilution was used in primary antibody dilution (K1803) at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of 14-3-3 Theta on different lysates with Rabbit anti-14-3-3 Theta antibody (ET1612-97) at 1/1,000 dilution.
Lane 1: Rat testis tissue lysate Lane 2: Rat brain tissue lysate Lane 3: C6 cell lysate Lane 4: MCF7 cell lysate
Lysates/proteins at 20 µg/Lane.
Predicted band size: 28 kDa Observed band size: 28 kDa
Exposure time: 10 seconds; ECL: K1801;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (ET1612-97) at 1/1,000 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
ICC staining of 14-3-3 Theta in Hela cells (green). Formalin fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with 1% Blocker BSA for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with the primary antibody (ET1612-97, 1/50) for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. Alexa Fluor®488 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).
ICC staining of 14-3-3 Theta in A431 cells (green). Formalin fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with 1% Blocker BSA for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with the primary antibody (ET1612-97, 1/50) for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. Alexa Fluor®488 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).
ICC staining of 14-3-3 Theta in A549 cells (green). Formalin fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with 1% Blocker BSA for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with the primary antibody (ET1612-97, 1/50) for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. Alexa Fluor®488 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).
Flow cytometric analysis of 14-3-3 Theta was done on SH-SY5Y cells. The cells were fixed, permeabilized and stained with the primary antibody (ET1612-97, 1/50) (red). After incubation of the primary antibody at room temperature for an hour, the cells were stained with a Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated Goat anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution for 30 minutes.Unlabelled sample was used as a control (cells without incubation with primary antibody; black).
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