A family of protein kinases located upstream of the MAP kinases and responsible for their activation has been identified. The prototype member of this family, designated MAP kinase kinase, or MEK-1, specifically phosphorylates the MAP kinase regulatory threonine and tyrosine residues present in the Thr-Glu-Tyr motif of ERK. A second MEK family member, MEK-2, resembles MEK-1 in its substrate specificity. MEK-3 (or MKK-3) functions to activate p38 MAP kinase, and MEK-4 (also called SEK1 or MKK-4) activates both p38 and JNK MAP kinases. MEK-5 appears to specifically phosphorylate ERK 5, whereas MEK-6 phosphorylates p38 and p38b. MEK-7 (or MKK-7) phosphorylates and activates the JNK signal transduction pathway.
Background References
1. Chou YY et al. Colocalization of different influenza viral RNA segments in the cytoplasm before viral budding as shown by single-molecule sensitivity FISH analysis. PLoS Pathog 9:e1003358 (2013).
2. Nath S et al. MUC1 induces drug resistance in pancreatic cancer cells via upregulation of multidrug resistance genes. Oncogenesis 2:e51 (2013).
Sequence Similarity
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase kinase subfamily.
Tissue Specificity
Widely expressed, with extremely low levels in brain.
Post-translational Modification
Phosphorylation at Ser-218 and Ser-222 by MAP kinase kinase kinases (BRAF or MEKK1) positively regulates kinase activity. Also phosphorylated at Thr-292 by MAPK1/ERK2 and at Ser-298 by PAK. MAPK1/ERK2 phosphorylation of Thr-292 occurs in response to cellular adhesion and leads to inhibition of Ser-298 phosphorylation by PAK. Autophosphorylated at Ser-218 and Ser-222, autophosphosphorylation is promoted by NEK10 following UV irradiation.; Acetylation by Yersinia yopJ prevents phosphorylation and activation, thus blocking the MAPK signaling pathway.
Western blot analysis of Phospho-MEK1 (T292) on different lysates with Rabbit anti-Phospho-MEK1 (T292) antibody (ET1612-42) at 1/1,000 dilution.
Lane 1: HeLa cell lysate Lane 2: HeLa treated with 100ng/mL Nocodazole for 17 hours cell lysate Lane 3: PC-12 cell lysate Lane 4: PC-12 treated with 100ng/mL Nocodazole for 18 hours cell lysate Lane 5: HeLa treated with 100ng/mL Nocodazole for 17 hours cell lysate, then the membrane treated with λpp for 1 hour Lane 6: PC-12 treated with 100ng/mL Nocodazole for 18 hours cell lysate, then the membrane treated with λpp for 1 hour Lane 7: NIH/3T3 cell lysate Lane 8: NIH/3T3 treated with 100ng/mL Nocodazole for 18 hours cell lysate Lane 9: NIH/3T3 treated with 100ng/mL Nocodazole for 18 hours cell lysate, then the membrane treated with λpp for 1 hour
Lysates/proteins at 20 µg/Lane.
Predicted band size: 43 kDa Observed band size: 43 kDa
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (ET1612-42) at 1/1,000 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse brain tissue with Rabbit anti-Phospho-MEK1 (T292) antibody (ET1612-42) at 1/200 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1612-42) at 1/200 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
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