AGR2 (Anterior Gradient Protein 2), also known as AG2, GOB-4 or HAG-2, is a member of the anterior gradient homolog family. It is the human ortholog of XAG-2, the secreted Xenopus laevis Anterior Gradient protein. In X. laevis, it is involved in cement gland differentiation and neural marker gene expression. AGR2 is a secretory protein encoded by two different AGR2 transcripts. It interacts with LYPD3 and α-dystroglycan (DAG-1). AGR2 is ubiquitously expressed with up-regulated expression in prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, renal carcinomas and endometrial carcinomas. AGR2 expression is positively correlated with that of the estrogen receptor (ER) and is negatively correlated with that of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). AGR2 may serve as a potential therapeutic marker for various cancers.
Background References
1. Li Y et al. N,N\'-dinitrosopiperazine-mediated AGR2 is involved in metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PLoS One 9:e92081 (2014).
2. Lee HJ et al. Identification of novel HLA-A*0201-restricted epitopes from anterior gradient-2 as a tumor-associated antigen against colorectal cancer. Cell Mol Immunol 9:175-83 (2012).
Sequence Similarity
Belongs to the AGR family.
Tissue Specificity
Expressed strongly in trachea, lung, stomach, colon, prostate and small intestine. Expressed weakly in pituitary gland, salivary gland, mammary gland, bladder, appendix, ovary, fetal lung, uterus, pancreas, kidney, fetal kidney, testis, placenta, thyroid gland and in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cell lines.
Western blot analysis of AGR2 on different lysates with Rabbit anti-AGR2 antibody (ET1611-36) at 1/1,000 dilution.
Lane 1: A549-si NT cell lysate Lane 2: A549-si AGR2 cell lysate
Lysates/proteins at 10 µg/Lane.
Predicted band size: 20 kDa Observed band size: 15 kDa
Exposure time: 30 seconds; ECL: K1801;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (ET1611-36) at 1/1,000 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
ICC staining of AGR2 in Hela cells (green). Formalin fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with 1% Blocker BSA for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with the primary antibody (ET1611-36, 1/50) for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. Alexa Fluor®488 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).
ICC staining of AGR2 in MCF-7 cells (green). Formalin fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with 1% Blocker BSA for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with the primary antibody (ET1611-36, 1/50) for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. Alexa Fluor®488 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).
ICC staining of AGR2 in NIH/3T3 cells (green). Formalin fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with 1% Blocker BSA for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with the primary antibody (ET1611-36, 1/50) for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. Alexa Fluor®488 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human colon tissue with Rabbit anti-AGR2 antibody (ET1611-36) at 1/1,000 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1611-36) at 1/1,000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Flow cytometric analysis of AGR2 was done on Hela cells. The cells were fixed, permeabilized and stained with the primary antibody (ET1611-36, 1/50) (red). After incubation of the primary antibody at room temperature for an hour, the cells were stained with a Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated Goat anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary antibody at 1/1000 dilution for 30 minutes.Unlabelled sample was used as a control (cells without incubation with primary antibody; black).
Western blot analysis of AGR2 on different lysates with Rabbit anti-AGR2 antibody (ET1611-36) at 1/1,000 dilution.
Lane 1: A549 (Human alveolar basal epithelial cell) cell lysate
Exposure time: 20 seconds; ECL: K1801
Blocking: 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature Primary antibody: ET1611-36, 1/1,000 in primary antibody dilution buffer (K1803), overnight at 4 ℃ Secondary antibody: Goat anti- Rabbit IgG-HRP (HA1001), 1/50,000 in 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature
Predicted band size: 20 kDa Observed band size: 15 kDa
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