Interleukin-1 (IL-1)-induced activation of the NFκB pathway is mediated through the IL-1 receptor and the subsequent phosphorylation of IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK). The myeloid differentiation protein MyD88 was originally characterized as a protein upregulated in myeloleukemic cells following IL-6-induced growth arrest and terminal differentiation. MyD88 is now known to function as an adaptor protein for the association of IRAK with the IL-1 receptor. MyD88 is functionally homologous to the adaptor protein tube in the Toll signaling pathway of Drosophilia, and both proteins are members of the Toll/IL-1R superfamily. MyD88 contains a characteristic N-terminal death domain that is essential for NFκB activation and an adjacent Toll/IL-1R homology domain (TIR domain). Collectively, these domains enable the protein-protein interactions of MyD88 with IRAK and the IL-1 receptor complex.
Background References
1. Kim, JE. et al. 2014. Paclitaxel-exposed ovarian cancer cells induce cancer-specific CD4+ T cells after doxorubicin exposure through regulation of MyD88 expression. International journal of oncology. 44: 1716-26.
2. Steinhagen, F. et al. 2013. IRF-5 and NF-κB p50 co-regulate IFN-β and IL-6 expression in TLR9-stimulated human plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 43: 1896-1906.
Western blot analysis of MyD88 on different lysates with Rabbit anti-MyD88 antibody (ET1610-81) at 1/1,000 dilution.
Lane 1: HepG2 cell lysate Lane 2: MCF7 cell lysate Lane 3: HeLa cell lysate
Lysates/proteins at 20 µg/Lane.
Predicted band size: 33 kDa Observed band size: 35 kDa
Exposure time: 42 seconds; ECL: K1801;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (ET1610-81) at 1/1,000 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Immunocytochemistry analysis of HepG2 cells labeling MyD88 with Rabbit anti-MyD88 antibody (ET1610-81) at 1/250 dilution.
Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 20 minutes at room temperature, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 minutes at room temperature, then blocked with 1% BSA in 10% negative goat serum for 1 hour at room temperature. Cells were then incubated with Rabbit anti-MyD88 antibody (ET1610-81) at 1/250 dilution in 1% BSA in PBST overnight at 4 ℃. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (iFluor™ 488, HA1121) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. PBS instead of the primary antibody was used as the secondary antibody only control. Nuclear DNA was labelled in blue with DAPI.
Beta tubulin (M1305-2, red) was stained at 1/100 dilution overnight at +4℃. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (iFluor™ 594, HA1126) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution.
Immunocytochemistry analysis of MCF7 cells labeling MyD88 with Rabbit anti-MyD88 antibody (ET1610-81) at 1/100 dilution.
Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 20 minutes at room temperature, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 minutes at room temperature, then blocked with 1% BSA in 10% negative goat serum for 1 hour at room temperature. Cells were then incubated with Rabbit anti-MyD88 antibody (ET1610-81) at 1/100 dilution in 1% BSA in PBST overnight at 4 ℃. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (iFluor™ 488, HA1121) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. PBS instead of the primary antibody was used as the secondary antibody only control. Nuclear DNA was labelled in blue with DAPI.
Beta tubulin (M1305-2, red) was stained at 1/100 dilution overnight at +4℃. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (iFluor™ 594, HA1126) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human tonsil tissue using anti-MyD88 antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 8.0-8.4) for 20 minutes.The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1610-81, 1/50) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human kidney tissue with Rabbit anti-MyD88 antibody (ET1610-81) at 1/200 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1610-81) at 1/200 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Flow cytometric analysis of HepG2 cells labeling MyD88.
Cells were fixed and permeabilized. Then stained with the primary antibody (ET1610-81, 1/1,000) (red) compared with Rabbit IgG Isotype Control (green). After incubation of the primary antibody at +4℃ for an hour, the cells were stained with a iFluor™ 488 conjugate-Goat anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary antibody (HA1121) at 1/1,000 dilution for 30 minutes at +4℃. Unlabelled sample was used as a control (cells without incubation with primary antibody; black).
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