DNA repair proteins are necessary for the maintenance of chromosome integrity and are involved in the elimination of premutagenic lesions from DNA. The DNA repair proteins Rad51 and Rad52 are key components of the double-strand-break repair (DSBR) pathway. Rad51 is essential for mitotic and meiotic recombination, and its mutation in yeast and mammalian cells results in chromosome loss. Overexpression of Rad52 confers resistance to ionizing radiation and induces homologous intrachromosomal recombination. Rad52 is thought to be involved in an early stage of Rad51-mediated recombination. Additional proteins involved in the pathway include Dmc1 and nibrin. Dmc1 is specifically involved in meiotic recombination. Nibrin, which complexes with Mre11 and Rad50, is absent in Nijemegen breakage syndrome (NBS) patients.
Background References
1. Yousif AS et al. Differential regulation of S-region hypermutation and class-switch recombination by noncanonical functions of uracil DNA glycosylase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111:E1016-24 (2014).
2. Tural D et al. Clinical significance of p95HER2 overexpression, PTEN loss and PI3K expression in p185HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab-based therapies. Br J Cancer 110:1968-76 (2014).
Tissue Specificity
Ubiquitous. Expressed at high levels in testis.
Post-translational Modification
Phosphorylated by ATM in response of ionizing radiation, and such phosphorylation is responsible intra-S phase checkpoint control and telomere maintenance.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (ET1610-26) at 1/1,000 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human large intestine tissue with Rabbit anti-p95 / NBS1 antibody (ET1610-26) at 1/100 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) (high pressure) for 2 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1610-26) at 1/100 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
p95 / NBS1 was immunoprecipitated from 0.2 mg HeLa cell lysate with ET1610-26 at 2 µg/10 µl beads. Western blot was performed from the immunoprecipitate using ET1610-26 at 1/2,000 dilution. HRP Conjugated Anti-Rabbit IgG for IP Nano-secondary antibody at 1/5,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Lane 1: HeLa cell lysate (input) Lane 2: ET1610-26 IP in HeLa cell lysate Lane 3: Rabbit IgG instead of ET1610-26 in HeLa cell lysate