Trophoblast glycoprotein, also known as TPBG, 5T4, Wnt-Activated Inhibitory Factor 1 or WAIF1, is a human protein encoded by a TPBG gene. TPBG is an antagonist of Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. 5T4 is an antigen expressed in a number of carcinomas. 5T4 is often referred to as an oncofetal antigen due to its expression in foetal trophoblast (where it was first discovered) or trophoblast glycoprotein (TPBG). 5T4 is found in tumors including the colorectal, ovarian, and gastric. Its expression is used as a prognostic aid in these cases. It has very limited expression in normal tissue but is widespread in malignant tumours throughout their development.
Background References
1. Patterson KG et al. Control of established colon cancer xenografts using a novel humanized single chain antibody-streptococcal superantigen fusion protein targeting the 5T4 oncofetal antigen. PLoS One 9:e95200 (2014).
2. Sapra P et al. Long-term tumor regression induced by an antibody-drug conjugate that targets 5T4, an oncofetal antigen expressed on tumor-initiating cells. Mol Cancer Ther 12:38-47 (2013).
Tissue Specificity
Expressed by all types of trophoblasts as early as 9 weeks of development. Specific for trophoblastic cells except for amniotic epithelium. In adult tissues, the expression is limited to a few epithelial cell types but is found on a variety of carcinoma.
Western blot analysis of 5T4 on different lysates with Rabbit anti-5T4 antibody (ET1608-37) at 1/1,000 dilution.
Lane 1: MCF7 cell lysate (20 µg/Lane) Lane 2: Human lung tissue lysate (40 µg/Lane)
Predicted band size: 46 kDa Observed band size: 75 kDa
Exposure time: Lane 1: 25 seconds; Lane 2: 2 minutes 6 seconds; ECL: K1801;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (ET1608-37) at 1/1,000 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
☑ Knockdown (KD)
Western blot analysis of 5T4 on different lysates with Rabbit anti-5T4 antibody (ET1608-37) at 1/2,000 dilution.
Lane 1: HAP1-parental cell lysate Lane 2: HAP1-5T4 KD cell lysate
Lysates/proteins at 10 µg/Lane.
Predicted band size: 46 kDa Observed band size: 75 kDa
Exposure time: 3 minutes; ECL: K1801;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (ET1608-37) at 1/2,000 dilution was used in primary antibody dilution (K1803) at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human placenta tissue with Rabbit anti-5T4 antibody (ET1608-37) at 1/1,000 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1608-37) at 1/1,000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
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