The level of intracellular calcium is tightly regulated in all eukaryotic cells. A modest increase in this level can result in a myriad of physiological responses, most of which are mediated by calmodulin (CaM), the universal calcium sensor. CaM directly modulates the activity of protein kinases and phosphatases, ion channels and nitric oxide synthetases. It is generally involved in such diverse processes as cell proliferation, endocytosis, cellular adhesion, protein turn over and smooth muscle contraction. CaM (calmodulin) is an acidic protein, 148 amino acids in length, with four helix-loop-helix calcium binding domains. In humans, 3 distinct genes have been identified (CALM1, CALM2 and CALM3); each encoding the identical protein. CALML3 (calmodulin-like 3, or calmodulin-related protein NB-1) shares significant sequence identity with CaM and it is suggested that it may competitively bind CaM substrates. Interestingly, CaM has been shown to associate with the carboxy terminus of the dystrophin gene product, implying that it may regulate its activity.
Background References
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2. Zeng HL et al. Quantitative proteomics reveals olfactory input-dependent alterations in the mouse olfactory bulb proteome. J Proteomics 109C:125-142 (2014).
Western blot analysis of Calmodulin on Rat testis tissue lysate with Rabbit anti-Calmodulin antibody (ET1606-46) at 1/1,000 dilution.
Lysates/proteins at 10 µg/Lane. Exposure time: 100 seconds
Blocking: 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature Primary antibody: ET1606-46, 1/1,000 in 5% NFDM/TBST, overnight at 4 ℃ Secondary antibody: Goat anti-Rabbit IgG-HRP (HA1001), 1/20,000 in 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature
Predicted band size: 16 kDa Observed band size: 16 kDa
ICC staining of Calmodulin in Hela cells (green). Formalin fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with 1% Blocker BSA for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with the primary antibody (ET1606-46, 1/50) for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. Alexa Fluor®488 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).
ICC staining of Calmodulin in MCF-7 cells (green). Formalin fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with 1% Blocker BSA for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with the primary antibody (ET1606-46, 1/50) for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. Alexa Fluor®488 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).
ICC staining of Calmodulin in NIH/3T3 cells (green). Formalin fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with 1% Blocker BSA for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with the primary antibody (ET1606-46, 1/50) for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. Alexa Fluor®488 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse brain tissue using anti-Calmodulin antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 8.0-8.4) for 20 minutes.The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1606-46, 1/50) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse cerebellum tissue using anti-Calmodulin antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 8.0-8.4) for 20 minutes.The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1606-46, 1/50) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
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