CD13, or aminopeptidase N, is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that is expressed on most cells of Myeloid origin, including monocytes, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils and Myeloid leukemias. CD13 is also found on certain epithelial cells, fibroblasts and osteoclasts. CD13 acts as a zinc-binding metalloprotease that plays a role in digestion and may function in the inactivation of some regulatory peptides such as enkephalins. CD13 may play a role in the invasion of cancer cells by enhancing their invasive capacity and metastatic behavior. The activity of CD13 can be inactivated using specific inhibitors that evoke apoptosis of CD13-positive cancer cells. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) expression upregulates CD13 expression in human melanoma cells by activating both the Myeloid and the epithelial CD13 promoter.
Background References
1. Cui SX et al. 13F-1, a novel 5-fluorouracil prodrug containing an Asn-Gly-Arg (NO2) COOCH3 tripeptide, inhibits human colonic carcinoma growth by targeting Aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13). Eur J Pharmacol 734:50-9 (2014).
2. Hardtner C et al. High glucose activates the alternative ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas and APN/Ang IV/IRAP RAS axes in pancreatic -cells. Int J Mol Med 32:795-804 (2013).
Sequence Similarity
Belongs to the peptidase M1 family.
Tissue Specificity
Expressed in epithelial cells of the kidney, intestine, and respiratory tract; granulocytes, monocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, cerebral pericytes at the blood-brain barrier, synaptic membranes of cells in the CNS. Also expressed in endometrial stromal cells, but not in the endometrial glandular cells. Found in the vasculature of tissues that undergo angiogenesis and in malignant gliomas and lymph node metastases from multiple tumor types but not in blood vessels of normal tissues. A soluble form has been found in plasma. It is found to be elevated in plasma and effusions of cancer patients.
Post-translational Modification
Sulfated.; N- and O-glycosylated.; May undergo proteolysis and give rise to a soluble form.
ICC staining CD13 in A549 cells (green). Formalin fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with 1% Blocker BSA for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with CD13 polyclonal antibody at a dilution of 1:500 for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. Alexa Fluorc™ 488 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody at 1/100 dilution. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).
ICC staining CD13 in HT-29 cells (green). Formalin fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with 1% Blocker BSA for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with CD13 polyclonal antibody at a dilution of 1:200 for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. Alexa Fluorc™ 488 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody at 1/100 dilution. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human kidney tissue with Rabbit anti-CD13 antibody (ER1803-74) at 1/20,000 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ER1803-74) at 1/20,000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Flow cytometric analysis of CD13 was done on A549 cells. The cells were fixed, permeabilized and stained with CD13 antibody at 1/100 dilution (red) compared with an unlabelled control (cells without incubation with primary antibody; black). After incubation of the primary antibody on room temperature for an hour, the cells was stained with a Alexa Fluor™ 488-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG Secondary antibody at 1/500 dilution for 30 minutes.
Western blot analysis of CD13 on different lysates with Rabbit anti-CD13 antibody (ER1803-74) at 1/2,000 dilution.
Lane 1: mouse kidney tissue lysate (40 µg/Lane)
Exposure time: 12 seconds ; ECL: K1801
Blocking: 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature Primary antibody: ER1803-74, 1/2,000 in primary antibody dilution buffer (K1803), overnight at 4 ℃ Secondary antibody: Goat anti-Rabbit IgG-HRP (HA1001), 1/50,000 in 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature
Predicted band size: 110 kDa Observed band size: 150 kDa
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