ATP citrate lyase Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (ER1706-75)

UNIPROT #

P53396

PROTEIN NAME

ATP citrate lyase

SYNONYMS

ACL antibody;Acly antibody;ACLY_HUMAN antibody;ATP citrate (pro-S) lyase antibody;ATP citrate lyase antibody;ATP citrate synthase antibody;ATP-citrate (pro-S-)-lyase antibody;ATP-citrate synthase antibody;ATPcitrate synthase antibody;ATPCL antibody;Citrate cleavage enzyme antibody;CLATP antibody;OTTHUMP00000164773 antibody

SEQUENCE SIMILARITIES

In the N-terminal section; belongs to the succinate/malate CoA ligase beta subunit family.; In the C-terminal section; belongs to the succinate/malate CoA ligase alpha subunit family.

POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION

Phosphorylated by PKA and GSK3 in a sequential manner; phosphorylation results in activation of its activity. Phosphorylation on Thr-447 and Ser-451 depends on the phosphorylation state of Ser-455 (By similarity). Phosphorylation on Ser-455 is decreased by prior phosphorylation on the other 2 residues (By similarity).; ISGylated.; Acetylated at Lys-540, Lys-546 and Lys-554 by KAT2B/PCAF. Acetylation is promoted by glucose and stabilizes the protein, probably by preventing ubiquitination at the same sites. Acetylation promotes de novo lipid synthesis. Deacetylated by SIRT2.; Ubiquitinated at Lys-540, Lys-546 and Lys-554 by UBR4, leading to its degradation. Ubiquitination is probably inhibited by acetylation at same site (Probable).

SUBCELLULAR LOCATION

Cytoplasm, cytosol.

FUNCTION

ATP citrate synthase (also ATP citrate lyase (ACLY)) is an enzyme that in animals represents an important step in fatty acid biosynthesis. By converting citrate to acetyl-CoA, the enzyme links carbohydrate metabolism, which yields citrate as an intermediate, with fatty acid biosynthesis, which consumes acetyl-CoA. In plants, ATP citrate lyase generates cytosolic acetyl-CoA precursors of thousands of specialized metabolites, including waxes, sterols, and polyketides. ATP citrate lyase is the primary enzyme responsible for the synthesis of cytosolic acetyl-CoA in many tissues. The enzyme is a tetramer of apparently identical subunits. In animals, the product, acetyl-CoA, is used in several important biosynthetic pathways, including lipogenesis and cholesterogenesis. It is activated by insulin. In plants, ATP citrate lyase generates acetyl-CoA for cytosolically-synthesized metabolites; Acetyl-CoA is not transported across subcellular membranes of plants. Such metabolites include: elongated fatty acids (used in seed oils, membrane phospholipids, the ceramide moieties of sphingolipids, cuticle, cutin, and suberin); flavonoids; malonic acid; acetylated phenolics, alkaloids, isoprenoids, anthocyanins, and sugars; and, mevalonate-derived isoprenoids (e.g., sesquiterpenes, sterols, brassinosteroids); malonyl and acyl-derivatives (d-amino acids, malonylated flavonoids, acylated, prenylated and malonated proteins). De novo fatty acid biosynthesis in plants occurs in plastids; thus, ATP citrate lyase is not relevant to this pathway.