Calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine kinase involved in multiple cellular signaling pathways that trigger cell survival, apoptosis, and autophagy. Regulates both type I apoptotic and type II autophagic cell deaths signal, depending on the cellular setting. The former is caspase-dependent, while the latter is caspase-independent and is characterized by the accumulation of autophagic vesicles. Phosphorylates PIN1 resulting in inhibition of its catalytic activity, nuclear localization, and cellular function. Phosphorylates TPM1, enhancing stress fiber formation in endothelial cells. Phosphorylates STX1A and significantly decreases its binding to STXBP1. Phosphorylates PRKD1 and regulates JNK signaling by binding and activating PRKD1 under oxidative stress. Phosphorylates BECN1, reducing its interaction with BCL2 and BCL2L1 and promoting the induction of autophagy. Phosphorylates TSC2, disrupting the TSC1-TSC2 complex and stimulating mTORC1 activity in a growth factor-dependent pathway. Phosphorylates RPS6, MYL9 and DAPK3. Acts as a signaling amplifier of NMDA receptors at extrasynaptic sites for mediating brain damage in stroke. Cerebral ischemia recruits DAPK1 into the NMDA receptor complex and it phosphorylates GRINB at Ser-1303 inducing injurious Ca2+ influx through NMDA receptor channels, resulting in an irreversible neuronal death. Required together with DAPK3 for phosphorylation of RPL13A upon interferon-gamma activation which is causing RPL13A involvement in transcript-selective translation inhibition.
Background References
1. Shohat G et al. The pro-apoptotic function of death-associated protein kinase is controlled by a unique inhibitory autophosphorylation-based mechanism. J Biol Chem 276:47460-47467 (2001).
Sequence Similarity
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. DAP kinase subfamily.
Tissue Specificity
Isoform 2 is expressed in normal intestinal tissue as well as in colorectal carcinomas.
Post-translational Modification
Ubiquitinated by the BCR(KLHL20) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, leading to its degradation by the proteasome.; Removal of the C-terminal tail of isoform 2 (corresponding to amino acids 296-337 of isoform 2) by proteolytic cleavage stimulates maximally its membrane-blebbing function.; In response to mitogenic stimulation (PMA or EGF), phosphorylated at Ser-289; phosphorylation suppresses DAPK1 pro-apoptotic function. Autophosphorylation at Ser-308 inhibits its catalytic activity. Phosphorylation at Ser-734 by MAPK1 increases its catalytic activity and promotes cytoplasmic retention of MAPK1. Endoplasmic-stress can cause dephosphorylation at Ser-308.
Western blot analysis of DAP Kinase 1 on different lysates. Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% BSA in PBS for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (EM1902-25, 1/500) was used in 5% BSA at room temperature for 2 hours. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1006) at 1:5,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature. Positive control: Lane 1: Human skin tissue lysate Lane 2: Human skeletal muscle tissue lysate
ICC staining of DAP Kinase 1 in MCF-7 cells (green). Formalin fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with 1% Blocker BSA for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with the primary antibody (EM1902-25, 1/50) for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. Alexa Fluor®488 Goat anti-Mouse IgG was used as the secondary antibody at 1/100 dilution. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded rat lung tissue using anti-DAP Kinase 1 antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 8.0-8.4) for 20 minutes.The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (EM1902-25, 1/100) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human lung cancer tissue using anti-DAP Kinase 1 antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 8.0-8.4) for 20 minutes.The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (EM1902-25, 1/100) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse liver tissue using anti-DAP Kinase 1 antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 8.0-8.4) for 20 minutes.The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (EM1902-25, 1/100) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunocytochemistry analysis of LOVO cells labeling DAP Kinase 1 with Mouse anti-DAP Kinase 1 antibody (EM1902-25) at 1/50 dilution.
Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 30 minutes, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 15 minutes, and then blocked with 2% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature. Cells were then incubated with Mouse anti-DAP Kinase 1 antibody (EM1902-25) at 1/50 dilution in 2% BSA overnight at 4 ℃. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (iFluor™ 488, HA1125) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. PBS instead of the primary antibody was used as the secondary antibody only control. Nuclear DNA was labelled in blue with DAPI.
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