Methylates CpG residues. Preferentially methylates hemimethylated DNA. Associates with DNA replication sites in S phase maintaining the methylation pattern in the newly synthesized strand, that is essential for epigenetic inheritance. Associates with chromatin during G2 and M phases to maintain DNA methylation independently of replication. It is responsible for maintaining methylation patterns established in development. DNA methylation is coordinated with methylation of histones. Mediates transcriptional repression by direct binding to HDAC2. In association with DNMT3B and via the recruitment of CTCFL/BORIS, involved in activation of BAG1 gene expression by modulating dimethylation of promoter histone H3 at H3K4 and H3K9. Probably forms a corepressor complex required for activated KRAS-mediated promoter hypermethylation and transcriptional silencing of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) or other tumor-related genes in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Also required to maintain a transcriptionally repressive state of genes in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Associates at promoter regions of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) leading to their gene silencing. Promotes tumor growth.
Background References
1. Li T. et. al. Structural and mechanistic insights into UHRF1-mediated DNMT1 activation in the maintenance DNA methylation. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Apr 6;46(6):3218-3231.
2. Du WW. et. al. A circular RNA circ-DNMT1 enhances breast cancer progression by activating autophagy. Oncogene. 2018 Nov;37(44):5829-5842.
Sequence Similarity
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. C5-methyltransferase family.
Tissue Specificity
Ubiquitous; highly expressed in fetal tissues, heart, kidney, placenta, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and expressed at lower levels in spleen, lung, brain, small intestine, colon, liver, and skeletal muscle. Isoform 2 is less expressed than isoform 1.
Post-translational Modification
Sumoylated; sumoylation increases activity.; Acetylation on multiple lysines, mainly by KAT2B/PCAF, regulates cell cycle G(2)/M transition. Deacetylation of Lys-1349 and Lys-1415 by SIRT1 increases methyltransferase activity.; Phosphorylation of Ser-154 by CDKs is important for enzymatic activity and protein stability. Phosphorylation of Ser-143 by AKT1 prevents methylation by SETD7 therebye increasing DNMT1 stability.; Methylation at Lys-142 by SETD7 promotes DNMT1 proteasomal degradation.; Ubiquitinated by UHRF1; interaction with USP7 counteracts ubiquitination by UHRF1 by promoting deubiquitination and preventing degradation by the proteasome.
Western blot analysis of DNMT1 on different lysates with Mouse anti-DNMT1 antibody (EM1901-84) at 1/5,000 dilution.
Lane 1: 293T (Human embryonic kidney cell) cell lysate Lane 2: HeLa (Human cervical adenocarcinoma cell) cell lysate Lane 3: Jurkat (Human T-lymphoblastic cells) cell lysate
Lysates/proteins at 15 µg/Lane. Exposure time: 126 seconds; ECL: K1801
Blocking: 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature Primary antibody: EM1901-84, 1/5,000 in primary antibody dilution buffer (K1803), overnight at 4 ℃ Secondary antibody: Goat anti-Mouse IgG-HRP (HA1006), 1/50,000 in 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature
Predicted band size: 183 kDa Observed band size: 183 kDa
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human tonsil tissue using anti-DNMT1 antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) (high pressure) for 2 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (EM1901-84, 1/50) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Flow cytometric analysis of DNMT1 was done on JAR cells. The cells were fixed, permeabilized and stained with the primary antibody (EM1901-84, 1/50) (red). After incubation of the primary antibody at room temperature for an hour, the cells were stained with a Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated Goat anti-Mouse IgG Secondary antibody at 1/1000 dilution for 30 minutes.Unlabelled sample was used as a control (cells without incubation with primary antibody; black).
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