RPS3 Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody [SA46-08]

Function

40S ribosomal protein S3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPS3 gene. Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit, where it forms part of the domain where translation is initiated. The protein belongs to the S3P family of ribosomal proteins. The protein appears to be located in both the cytoplasm and nucleus but not in the nucleolus. Higher levels of expression of this gene in colon adenocarcinomas and adenomatous polyps compared to adjacent normal colonic mucosa have been observed. This gene is co-transcribed with the small nucleolar RNA genes U15A and U15B, which are located in its first and fifth introns, respectively. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome.

Background References

1. Yoshihama M. Uechi T. Asakawa S. et al. The human ribosomal protein genes: sequencing and comparative analysis of 73 genes. Genome Res. 12:379-390(2002).

2. Taylor T.D., Noguchi H. Totoki Y. et al. Human chromosome 11 DNA sequence and analysis including novel gene identification. Nature 440:497-500(2006).

Sequence Similarity

Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS3 family.

Post-translational Modification

Methylation by PRMT1 is required for import into the nucleolus and for ribosome assembly.; Sumoylation by SUMO1 enhances protein stability through increased resistance to proteolysis. Sumoylation occurs at one or more of the three consensus sites, Lys-18, Lys-214 and Lys-230.; Phosphorylation at Thr-221 by CDK1 occurs mainly in G2/M phase. Phosphorylation by PRKCD occurs on a non-ribosomal-associated form which results in translocation of RPS3 to the nucleus and enhances its endonuclease activity. Phosphorylated on Ser-209 by IKKB in response to activation of the NF-kappa-B p65-p50 complex which enhances the association of RPS3 with importin-alpha and mediates the nuclear translocation of RPS3. Phosphorylation by MAPK is required for translocation to the nucleus following exposure of cells to DNA damaging agents such as hydrogen peroxide. Phosphorylation by PKB/AKT mediates RPS3 nuclear translocation, enhances RPS3 endonuclease activity and suppresses RPS3-induced neuronal apoptosis.; Ubiquitinated. This is prevented by interaction with HSP90 which stabilizes the protein. Monoubiquitinated at Lys-214 by ZNF598 when a ribosome has stalled during translation of poly(A) sequences, leading to preclude synthesis of a long poly-lysine tail and initiate the ribosome quality control (RQC) pathway to degrade the potentially detrimental aberrant nascent polypeptide.

Subcellular Location

Cytoplasm, Nucleus, nucleolus, Mitochondrion inner membrane, , cytoskeleton, spindle.

UNIPROT

SwissProt: P23396 Human

SwissProt: P62908 Mouse

SwissProt: P62909 Rat

Synonyms