This gene is a member of the synapsin gene family. Synapsins encode neuronal phosphoproteins which associate with the cytoplasmic surface of synaptic vesicles. Family members are characterized by common protein domains, and they are implicated in synaptogenesis and the modulation of neurotransmitter release, suggesting a potential role in several neuropsychiatric diseases. This member of the synapsin family encodes a neuron-specific phosphoprotein that selectively binds to small synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic nerve terminal. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with abnormal presynaptic function and related neuronal disorders, including autism, epilepsy, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. The tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 4 gene is located within an intron of this gene and is transcribed in the opposite direction.
Background References
1. Chen Q et al. Family-based association study of synapsin II and schizophrenia. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 75:873-877 (2004) .
Sequence Similarity
Belongs to the synapsin family.
Tissue Specificity
Central and peripheral nervous systems.
Post-translational Modification
Phosphorylation at Ser-10 dissociates synapsins from synaptic vesicles. Phosphorylation at Ser-425 by MAPK1/ERK2 and/or MAPK3/ERK1 may play a role in noradrenaline secretion by sympathetic neurons (By similarity).
IF staining of Synapsin II in rat bone marrow (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.V
Immunofluorescence analysis of paraffin-embedded rat brain tissue labeling Synapsin II (ET7109-88) and GFAP (EM140707).
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 10% negative goat serum for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. And then probed with the primary antibodies Synapsin II (ET7109-88, red) at 1/200 dilution and GFAP (EM140707, green) at 1/400 dilution overnight at 4 ℃, washed with PBS.
iFluor™ 594 conjugate-Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (HA1122) and iFluor™ 488 conjugate-Goat anti-Mouse IgG (HA1125) were used as the secondary antibodies at 1/1,000 dilution. DAPI was used as nuclear counterstain.
Immunofluorescence analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse brain tissue labeling Synapsin II (ET7109-88) and GFAP (EM140707).
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 10% negative goat serum for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. And then probed with the primary antibodies Synapsin II (ET7109-88, red) at 1/200 dilution and GFAP (EM140707, green) at 1/400 dilution overnight at 4 ℃, washed with PBS.
iFluor™ 594 conjugate-Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (HA1122) and iFluor™ 488 conjugate-Goat anti-Mouse IgG (HA1125) were used as the secondary antibodies at 1/1,000 dilution. DAPI was used as nuclear counterstain.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded rat bone marrow tissue using anti-Synapsin II antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 8.0-8.4) for 20 minutes.The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET7109-88, 1/200) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded rat brain tissue using anti-Synapsin II antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 8.0-8.4) for 20 minutes.The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET7109-88, 1/200) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse brain tissue using anti-Synapsin II antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 8.0-8.4) for 20 minutes.The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET7109-88, 1/50) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Flow cytometric analysis of Synapsin II was done on F9 cells. The cells were fixed, permeabilized and stained with Synapsin II antibody at 1/100 dilution (red) compared with an unlabelled control (cells without incubation with primary antibody; black). After incubation of the primary antibody on room temperature for an hour, the cells was stained with a Alexa Fluor™ 488-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG Secondary antibody at 1/500 dilution for 30 minutes.
Immunofluorescence analysis of paraffin-embedded rat cerebellum tissue labeling Synapsin II (ET7109-88) and GFAP (EM140707).
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 10% negative goat serum for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. And then probed with the primary antibodies Synapsin II (ET7109-88, red) at 1/200 dilution and GFAP (EM140707, green) at 1/400 dilution overnight at 4 ℃, washed with PBS.
iFluor™ 594 conjugate-Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (HA1122) and iFluor™ 488 conjugate-Goat anti-Mouse IgG (HA1125) were used as the secondary antibodies at 1/1,000 dilution. DAPI was used as nuclear counterstain.
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