Recombinant protein within Human IRF1 aa 86-325 / 325.
Species Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Validated Applications
WB, IF-Cell, IF-Tissue, IHC-P, IP, FC
Molecular Weight
Predicted band size: 37 kDa
Positive Control
HeLa starved overnight then treated with 100ng/mL IFN gamma for 4 hours cell lysate, NIH/3T3 cell lysate, PC-12 cell lysate, HeLa cells starved overnight then treated with 100ng/mL IFN gamma for 4 hours, human colon carcinoma tissue, human breast carcinoma tissue, mouse brain tissue, Jurkat.
Interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) and IRF-2 have been identified as novel DNA-binding factors that function as regulators of both type I interferon (interferon- and ∫) and interferon-inducible genes. The two factors are structurally related, particularly in their N-terminal regions, which confer DNA binding specificity. In addition, both bind to the same sequence within the promoters of interferon- and interferon-∫ genes. IRF-1 functions as an activator of interferon transcription, while IRF-2 binds to the same cis elements and represses IRF-1 action. IRF-1 and IRF-2 have been reported to act in a mutually antagonistic manner in regulating cell growth; overexpression of the repressor IRF-2 leads to cell transformation while concomitant overexpression of IRF-1 causes reversion. IRF-1 and IRF-2 are members of a larger family of DNA binding proteins that includes IRF-3, IRF-4, IRF-5, IRF-6, IRF-7, ISGF-3 p48 (a component of the ISGF-3 complex) and IFN consensus sequence-binding protein (ICSBP).
Background References
1. Maarifi, G. et al. 2015. Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier Alters IFN Response. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). 195: 2312-24.
2. Aguado, L.C. et al. 2015. microRNA Function Is Limited to Cytokine Control in the Acute Response to Virus Infection. Cell host & microbe. 18: 714-22.
Sequence Similarity
Belongs to the IRF family.
Post-translational Modification
Phosphorylated by CK2 and this positively regulates its activity.; Sumoylation represses the transcriptional activity and displays enhanced resistance to protein degradation. Inactivates the tumor suppressor activity. Elevated levels in tumor cells. Major site is Lys-275. Sumoylation is enhanced by PIAS3 (By similarity). Desumoylated by SENP1 in tumor cells and appears to compete with ubiquitination on C-terminal sites.; Ubiquitinated. Appears to compete with sumoylation on C-terminal sites.
Western blot analysis of IRF1 on different lysates with Rabbit anti-IRF1 antibody (ET1602-28) at 1/1,000 dilution.
Lane 1: HeLa cell lysate Lane 2: HeLa starved overnight then treated with 100ng/mL IFN gamma for 4 hours cell lysate
Lysates/proteins at 20 µg/Lane.
Predicted band size: 37 kDa Observed band size: 50 kDa
Exposure time: 1 minute 50 seconds; ECL: K1801;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (ET1602-28) at 1/1,000 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of IRF1 on different lysates with Rabbit anti-IRF1 antibody (ET1602-28) at 1/1,000 dilution.
Lane 1: NIH/3T3 cell lysate (20 µg/Lane) Lane 2: PC-12 cell lysate (20 µg/Lane)
Predicted band size: 50 kDa Observed band size: 50 kDa
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (ET1602-28) at 1/1,000 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
☑ Cell treatment (CT)
Immunocytochemistry analysis of HeLa cells untreated / starved overnight then treated with 100ng/mL IFN gamma for 4 hours labeling IRF1 with Rabbit anti-IRF1 antibody (ET1602-28) at 1/50 dilution.
Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 20 minutes at room temperature, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 minutes at room temperature, then blocked with 1% BSA in 10% negative goat serum for 1 hour at room temperature. Cells were then incubated with Rabbit anti-IRF1 antibody (ET1602-28) at 1/50 dilution in 1% BSA in PBST overnight at 4 ℃. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (iFluor™ 488, HA1121) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. PBS instead of the primary antibody was used as the secondary antibody only control. Nuclear DNA was labelled in blue with DAPI.
Beta tubulin (M1305-2, red) was stained at 1/100 dilution overnight at +4℃. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (iFluor™ 594, HA1126) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human colon carcinoma tissue using anti-IRF1 antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) (high pressure) for 2 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1602-28, 1/50) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using anti-IRF1 antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) (high pressure) for 2 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1602-28, 1/50) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse brain tissue using anti-IRF1 antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 8.0-8.4) for 20 minutes.The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1602-28, 1/50) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Flow cytometric analysis of Jurkat cells labeling IRF1.
Cells were fixed and permeabilized. Then stained with the primary antibody (ET1602-28, 1μg/mL) (red) compared with Rabbit IgG Isotype Control (green). After incubation of the primary antibody at +4℃ for an hour, the cells were stained with a iFluor™ 488 conjugate-Goat anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary antibody (HA1121) at 1/1,000 dilution for 30 minutes at +4℃. Unlabelled sample was used as a control (cells without incubation with primary antibody; black).
IRF1 was immunoprecipitated from 0.2 mg HeLa treated with 50ng/mL IFN gamma for 16 hours cell lysate with ET1602-28 at 2 µg/10 µl beads. Western blot was performed from the immunoprecipitate using ET1602-28 at 1/2,000 dilution. HRP Conjugated Anti-Rabbit IgG for IP Nano-secondary antibody at 1/5,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Lane 1: treated with 50ng/mL IFN gamma for 16 hours cell lysate (input) Lane 2: ET1602-28 IP in treated with 50ng/mL IFN gamma for 16 hours cell lysate Lane 3: Rabbit IgG instead of ET1602-28 in treated with 50ng/mL IFN gamma for 16 hours cell lysate