High mobility group (HMG) proteins 1 and 2 are ubiquitous non-histone components of chromatin. Evidence suggests that the binding of HMG proteins to DNA induces alterations in the DNA architecture including DNA bending and unwinding of the helix. HMG proteins synergize with Oct-2, members of the NFκB family, ATF-2 and c-Jun to activate transcription. Other studies indicate that phosphorylation of HMG protein is required to stimulate the transcriptional activity of the protein. Human HMG-1 and HMG-2 both contain two DNA-binding domains, termed HMG boxes. HMG proteins bind single-stranded DNA but induce conformational changes in double-stranded DNA alone.
Background References
暂无
Sequence Similarity
Belongs to the HMGB family.
Tissue Specificity
Expressed in gastric and intestinal tissues (at protein level).
Post-translational Modification
Reduction/oxidation of cysteine residues Cys-23, Cys-45 and Cys-106 and a possible intramolecular disulfide bond involving Cys-23 and Cys-45 give rise to different redox forms with specific functional activities in various cellular compartments: 1- fully reduced HMGB2 (HMGB2C23hC45hC106h), 2- disulfide HMGB2 (HMGB2C23-C45C106h) and 3- sulfonyl HMGB2 (HMGB2C23soC45soC106so).; Acetylation enhances nucleosome binding and chromation remodeling activity.
Western blot analysis of HMGB2 on different lysates with Rabbit anti-HMGB2 antibody (ER1706-52) at 1/1,000 dilution.
Lane 1: HAP1-parental cell lysate Lane 2: HAP1-HMGB2 KD cell lysate
Lysates/proteins at 10 µg/Lane.
Predicted band size: 24 kDa Observed band size: 24 kDa
Exposure time: 9 seconds; ECL: K1801;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (ER1706-52) at 1/1,000 dilution was used in primary antibody dilution (K1803) at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
ICC staining HMGB2 in LOVO cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.
ICC staining HMGB2 in SH-SY5Y cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human tonsil tissue using anti-HMGB2 antibody. Counter stained with hematoxylin.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded rat brain tissue using anti-HMGB2 antibody. Counter stained with hematoxylin.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human kidney tissue using anti-HMGB2 antibody. Counter stained with hematoxylin.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse testis tissue using anti-HMGB2 antibody. Counter stained with hematoxylin.
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