Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter. Its biological function is complex, touching on diverse functions including mood, cognition, reward, learning, memory, and numerous physiological processes such as vomiting and vasoconstriction. Serotonin is produced in the central nervous system (CNS), specifically in the brainstem's raphe nuclei, the skin's Merkel cells, pulmonary neuroendocrine cells and the tongue's taste receptor cells. Approximately 90% of the serotonin the human body produces is in the gastrointestinal tract's enterochromaffin cells, where it regulates intestinal movements. Additionally, it is stored in blood platelets and is released during agitation and vasoconstriction, where it then acts as an agonist to other platelets. About 8% is found in platelets and 1–2% in the CNS. The serotonin is secreted luminally and basolaterally, which leads to increased serotonin uptake by circulating platelets and activation after stimulation, which gives increased stimulation of myenteric neurons and gastrointestinal motility. The remainder is synthesized in serotonergic neurons of the CNS, where it has various functions, including the regulation of mood, appetite, and sleep.
Background References
1. Shah PA et al. Serotonin as a Mitogen in the Gastrointestinal Tract: Revisiting a Familiar Molecule in a New Role. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021
2. Alvarez BD et al. Impact of specific serotonin receptor modulation on behavioral flexibility. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2021 Oct
Synonyms
5 hydroxytryptamine antibody
5HT antibody
Images
Indirect ELISA analysis of 5-HT was performed by coating wells of a 96-well plate with 50 µL per well of 5-HT-BSA diluted in carbonate/bicarbonate buffer, at a concentration of 1 µg/mL overnight at 4℃. Wells of the plate were washed, blocked with 1%BSA blocking buffer, and incubated with 50 µL per well of 5-HT-Biotin monoclonal antibody serial diluted starting from a concentration of 4µg/mL for 45 min at 37℃. The plate was washed and incubated with 50 µL per well of an SA-HRP-conjugated goat rabbit IgG secondary antibody at a dilution of 1:2,000 for 30 min at 37℃. Detection was performed using an Ultra TMB Substrate for 10 minutes at 37℃ in the dark. The reaction was stopped with sulfuric acid and absorbances were read on a spectrophotometer at 450 nm.
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