Second messenger, cAMP, causes the opening of cation-selective cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels and depolarization of the neuron (olfactory sensory neurons, OSNs). CNGA4 is the modulatory subunit of this channel which is known to play a central role in the transduction of odorant signals and subsequent adaptation. By accelerating the calcium-mediated negative feedback in olfactory signaling it allows rapid adaptation to odor stimulation and extends its range of odor detection. When heterologously expressed all subunits with exception of CNGA4, CNGB1 and CNGB3 can form functional homomeric channels. In olfactory sensory neurons, CNG channels which are formed by two CNGA2, one CNGA4 subunits and an isoform of CNGB1, are activated by the binding of cAMP, whose levels increase in response to the binding of odorant molecules to their respective receptors. These channels are highly expressed in retinal photoreceptors and olfactory neurons where their role has been extensively studied. CNG channels have also been detected in brain, testis and kidney although their role in these tissues has yet to be unraveled.
Background References
1. Brady J D et al. Interplay between PIP3 and calmodulin regulation of olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:15635-15640 (2006).
Sequence Similarity
Belongs to the cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel (TC 1.A.1.5) family. CNGA4 subfamily.
Western blot analysis of CNGA4 on different lysates. Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% BSA in PBS for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (ER1901-88, 1/500) was used in 5% BSA at room temperature for 2 hours. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1:5,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature. Positive control: Lane 1: A549 cell lysate Lane 2: A431 cell lysate
Western blot analysis of CNGA4 on different lysates. Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% BSA in PBS for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (ER1901-88, 1/500) was used in 5% BSA at room temperature for 2 hours. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1:5,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature. Positive control: Lane 1: Human brain tissue lysate Lane 2: SHSY5Y cell lysate
ICC staining of CNGA4 in N2A cells (green). Formalin fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with 1% Blocker BSA for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with the primary antibody (ER1901-88, 1/100) for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. Alexa Fluor®488 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody at 1/100 dilution. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).
ICC staining of CNGA4 in SHSY5Y cells (green). Formalin fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with 1% Blocker BSA for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with the primary antibody (ER1901-88, 1/100) for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. Alexa Fluor®488 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody at 1/100 dilution. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).
Flow cytometric analysis of CNGA4 was done on Hela cells. The cells were fixed, permeabilized and stained with the primary antibody (ER1901-88, 1/100) (yellow). After incubation of the primary antibody at room temperature for an hour, the cells were stained with a Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG Secondary antibody at 1/500 dilution for 30 minutes.Unlabelled sample was used as a control (cells without incubation with primary antibody; purple).
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