UNIPROT #

P10599

PROTEIN NAME

Thioredoxin

SYNONYMS

ADF antibody; ATL derived factor antibody; ATL-derived factor antibody; DKFZp686B1993 antibody; MGC61975 antibody; SASP antibody; Surface associated sulphydryl protein antibody; Surface-associated sulphydryl protein antibody; testicular tissue protein Li 199 antibody; THIO_HUMAN antibody; Thioredoxin antibody; thioredoxin delta 3 antibody; TRDX antibody; TRX 1 antibody; Trx antibody; TRX1 antibody; TXN antibody; TXN delta 3 antibody; TXN protein antibody; zgc:92903 antibody

SEQUENCE SIMILARITIES

Belongs to the thioredoxin family.

POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION

In the fully reduced protein, both Cys-69 and Cys-73 are nitrosylated in response to nitric oxide (NO). When two disulfide bonds are present in the protein, only Cys-73 is nitrosylated. Cys-73 can serve as donor for nitrosylation of target proteins.; In case of infection, ubiquitinated by S.typhimurium protein slrP, leading to its degradation.

SUBCELLULAR LOCATION

Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Secreted.

FUNCTION

Thioredoxin (Trx) is a redox protein that is found in several species, such as bacteria, plants and mammals, and contains a conserved active site, consisting of Trp-Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys. Trx has several biological functions. It acts as a hydrogen donor for ribonucleotide reductase, which is critical for DNA synthesis, and modulates the DNA-binding activity of several transcription factors, including NFkB, AP-1, p53, TFIIIC and glucocorticoid receptor. Trx also stimulates cell growth, is an inhibitor of apoptosis and plays a role in the protection against oxidative stress. Drugs that inhibit Trx have antitumor activity, suggesting that Trx is involved in a variety of human diseases, including cancer. TrxR is a ubiquitously expressed flavoprotein that catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of Trx as well as several other oxidized cellular components.