UNIPROT #

Q99259

PROTEIN NAME

GAD67

SYNONYMS

67 kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody; CPSQ1 antibody; DCE1 antibody; DCE1_HUMAN antibody; EC 4.1.1.15 antibody; FLJ45882 antibody; GAD 67 antibody; GAD antibody; GAD-67 antibody; GAD1 antibody; Glutamate decarboxylase 1 (brain, 67kDa) antibody; Glutamate decarboxylase 1 antibody; Glutamate decarboxylase 1 brain 67kD antibody; Glutamate decarboxylase 1 brain 67kDa antibody; Glutamate decarboxylase 67 kDa isoform antibody; Glutamate decarboxylase, brain, 67-KD antibody; OTTHUMP00000041055 antibody; SCP antibody

SEQUENCE SIMILARITIES

Belongs to the group II decarboxylase family.

TISSUE SPECIFICITY

Isoform 3 is expressed in pancreatic islets, testis, adrenal cortex, and perhaps other endocrine tissues, but not in brain.

SUBCELLULAR LOCATION

Cytoplasm.

FUNCTION

There are two forms of glutamic acid decarboxylases (GADs) that are found in the brain: GAD-65 (also known as GAD2) and GAD-67 (also known as GAD1, GAD or SCP). GAD-65 and GAD-67 are members of the group II decarboxylase family of proteins and are responsible for catalyzing the rate limiting step in the production of GABA (g-aminobutyric acid) from L-glutamic acid. Although both GADs are found in the brain, GAD-65 localizes to synaptic vesicle membranes in nerve terminals, while GAD-67 is distributed throughout the cell. GAD-67 is responsible for the basal levels of GABA synthesis. In the case of a heightened demand for GABA in neurotransmission, GAD-65 will transiently activate to assist in GABA production. The loss of GAD-65 is detrimental and can impair GABA neurotransmission, however the loss of GAD-67 is lethal. Due to alternative splicing, two isoforms exist for GAD-67, the predominant GAD-67 form and the minor GAD-25 form. GAD-25 is not expressed in brain but can be found in a variety of endocrine tissues.