UNIPROT #

P10645

PROTEIN NAME

Chromogranin-A

GENE NAME

CHGA

SYNONYMS

CgA, SP-I, CHGA

SEQUENCE SIMILARITIES

Belongs to the chromogranin/secretogranin protein family.

TISSUE SPECIFICITY

GE-25 is found in the brain.

POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION

Sulfated on tyrosine residues and/or contains sulfated glycans.; O-glycosylated with core 1 or possibly core 8 glycans.; Proteolytic processing gives rise to an additional longer form of catestatin (residues 358-390) which displays a less potent catecholamine release-inhibitory activity. Plasmin-mediated proteolytic processing can give rise to additional shorter and longer forms of catestatin peptides.

SUBCELLULAR LOCATION

[Serpinin]: Secreted. Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle. Note=Pyroglutaminated serpinin localizes to secretory vesicle.; Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle. Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, neuronal dense core vesicle. Secreted. Note=Associated with the secretory granule membrane through direct interaction to SCG3 that in turn binds to cholesterol-enriched lipid rafts in intragranular conditions. In pituitary gonadotropes, located in large secretory granules.

FUNCTION

[Pancreastatin]: Strongly inhibits glucose induced insulin release from the pancreas.; [Catestatin]: Inhibits catecholamine release from chromaffin cells and noradrenergic neurons by acting as a non-competitive nicotinic cholinergic antagonist. Displays antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria S.aureus and M.luteus, and Gram-negative bacteria E.coli and P.aeruginosa. Can induce mast cell migration, degranulation and production of cytokines and chemokines. Acts as a potent scavenger of free radicals in vitro. May play a role in the regulation of cardiac function and blood pressure.; [Serpinin]: Regulates granule biogenesis in endocrine cells by up-regulating the transcription of protease nexin 1 (SERPINE2) via a cAMP-PKA-SP1 pathway. This leads to inhibition of granule protein degradation in the Golgi complex which in turn promotes granule formation.